Table 1.

Sample characteristics

	Women-only (WO) (n=374; 47.4%)	Mixed-gender (MG) (n=415; 52.6%)
	% or Mean (SD)	% or Mean (SD)
At CalTOP treatment enrollment
Age**	32.2 (7.3)	30.8 (7.5)
Race/ethnicity
White	56.0	56.5
Hispanic Non-white*	17.6	23.3
African American**	20.5	13.1
Other	5.8	7.0
Education, years	11.4 (1.9)	11.5 (1.9)
Employed (full- or part-time)	14.9	13.9
Married	18.8	17.7
Homeless	21.2	17.7
Physically or sexually abused in lifetime	76.1	74.6
Pregnant***	26.0	52.9
Primary drug problem type
Methamphetamine	37.1	44.1
Heroin	21.2	20.6
Alcohol	19.5	16.6
Cocaine	11.6	9.9
Marijuana	9.9	8.3
Other	0.7	0.5
Used primary drug in lifetime, years**	14.3 (7.5)	12.6 (7.9)
No. alcohol or drug treatments in lifetime*	3.9 (6.4)	3.0 (4.9)
ASI Severity Scores
Alcohol	0.17 (0.25)	0.15 (0.25)
Drug	0.16 (0.12)	0.16 (0.13)
Employment	0.79 (0.27)	0.79 (0.25)
Family	0.22 (0.24)	0.24 (0.24)
Legal	0.20 (0.20)	0.19 (0.23)
Medical	0.24 (0.33)	0.23 (0.32)
Psychiatric	0.26 (0.24)	0.25 (0.25)
Prior to CalTOP enrollment
Arrested	74.7	72.3
Incarcerated	2.4	4.0
Received mental health treatment	30.4	34.2
CalTOP treatment modality type
Outpatient	48.4	45.5
Residential	34.5	38.8
Narcotic replacement	17.1	15.8
Length of CalTOP treatment stay (days)	102.3 (126.6)	110.5 (129.7)
Over 10 years after CalTOP treatment dischargea
Number of arrests*	0.036 (0.049)	0.044 (0.060)
Months of incarceration	0.007 (0.047)	0.012 (0.061)
Number of drug abuse treatment admits	0.026 (0.049)	0.029 (0.045)
Number of mental health services received	0.244 (0.921)	0.315 (1.073)

^*p ≤0.05;

^**p ≤0.01;

^***p ≤0.001

^aTime-adjusted.