Table 2.

Studies and case reports of inhaled NO use in pregnant women.

Study	Number and type of pregnant women	Concentration and length of time NO was inhaled	Outcome
Robinson et al. (1999) (case report)	1 subject; 28 weeks gestation to delivery at 32 weeks and post-partum, with h/o HIV, pulmonary hypertension, peripartum cardiomyopathy	5–20 ppm, 4 weeks continuous inhaled NO with episodic monitoring of methemoglobin levels.	Inhaled NO reduced pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular pressure, prolonged continuous inhaled NO therapy may be an effective therapy in the management of pulmonary hypertension during pregnancy.
Lust et al. (1999) (case report)	1 subject; delivery and post-partum, Eisenmenger’s syndrome	Per nasal cannula during delivery, after delivery 10 ppm, ICU NO was delivered via transtracheal catheter. 10 h.	Continuous inhaled NO reduced initial pulmonary arterial pressure and improved oxygenation. Inhaled NO may be used to improve oxygenation and antithrombotic effects of NO may limit the increase in pulmonary arterial pressure expected with increased cardiac output throughout labor among pts with pulmonary vascular disease.
Goodwin et al. (1999) (case report)	1 subject; 36 weeks gestation with Eisenmenger’s syndrome	20 ppm during labor. 80 ppm decreased to 60 ppm by 3rd day post-partum. Continuous during second stage of labor (45 min) and post-partum 3rd day, discontinued after 48 h.	Inhaled NO can be used to correct the hypoxemia of Eisenmenger’s syndrome. Administration of NO led to improved oxygenation and lowered pulmonary arterial pressures. Baby survived, woman died.
Decoene et al. (2001) (case report)	1 subject, unexpected pulmonary hypertension that had an emergency C-section	5 ppm 24 h continuous during labor, delivery and post-partum.	Administration of inhaled NO enabled optimal control of pulmonary hypertension. Use of inhaled NO can improve the management of urgent C-section in women with unexpected pulmonary hypertension.
Lam et al. (2001) (case report)	1 subject, primigravida with primary pulmonary hypertension	20 ppm, decreased to 10 ppm 8.5 h after delivery, NO delivered through an endotracheal tube (93 h total).	NO can be used to successfully treat primary pulmonary hypertension in pregnancy.
Bonnin et al. (2005)	15 subjects with severe pulmonary hypertension, 3 were administered NO	50 ppm.	In the 3 out of 15 subjects who were administered NO, 2 babies survived after delivery. The baby that died was delivered at 21 weeks gestation. The babies that survived at 32–34 weeks gestation. Maternal mortality was found to be 36% with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pregnancy should be discouraged in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension.
McMillan et al. (2002)	3 with pulmonary hypertension secondary to systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) and anti-phospholipid syndrome	40 ppm during C-section (1st case). Second case, the amount of NO was not specified. NO inhalation did not occur in third case.	1st case patient died post-C-section. 2nd case patient died of severe heart failure after C-section. 3rd case more mild Pulmonary hypertension that was diagnosed earlier in pregnancy and had multidisciplinary management of pregnancy which is necessary for pregnant women with pulmonary hypertension.