Table 1. Descriptive Characteristics of People Aged 65 years or Older With a Diabetes-Related Potentially Preventable Hospitalization (DRPH) by Race/Ethnicity, Hawai‘i, December 2006–December 2010a .
| Characteristic | Chinese | Filipino | Native Hawaiian | Japanese | White | P Valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of patients | 101 (6.7) | 307 (20.3) | 270 (17.8) | 545 (36.0) | 292 (19.3) | NA |
| No. of hospitalizations | 120 (6.6) | 368 (20.3) | 331 (18.2) | 632 (34.8) | 364 (20.1) | NA |
| Female | 49 (48.5) | 175 (57.0) | 145 (53.7) | 276 (50.6) | 124 (42.5) | .008 |
| Payer | ||||||
| Medicaid | —c | —c | —c | 0 | —c | .11 |
| Medicare | 98 (97.0) | 282 (91.9) | 250 (92.6) | 516 (94.7) | 270 (92.5) | .23 |
| Private | —c | 20 (6.5) | 17 (6.3) | 24 (4.4) | 20 (6.9) | .22 |
| Other | 0 | —c | —c | —c | —c | .81 |
| Live on Oahu | 95 (94.1) | 234 (76.2) | 152 (56.3) | 425 (78.0) | 173 (59.3) | <.001 |
| Types of DRPH | ||||||
| Uncontrolled diabetes (DM) |
—c | 15 (4.1) | —c | 22 (3.5) | 22 (6.0) | .032 |
| Short-term DM complications | 17 (14.2) | 40 (10.9) | 11 (3.3) | 59 (9.3) | 35 (9.6) | .0009 |
| Long-term DM complication | 69 (57.5) | 225 (61.1) | 206 (62.2) | 418 (66.1) | 194 (53.3) | .003 |
| Lower-extremity DM-related amputations | 32 (26.1) | 88 (23.9) | 108 (32.5) | 133 (21.0) | 113 (31.0) | <.001 |
| Charlson comorbidity index ( 21 ), mean (SD) | 4.83 (3.08) | 4.97 (3.15) | 6.38 (3.49) | 4.40 (3.11) | 5.48 (3.13) | <.001 |
| Continuous age, mean (SD) | 78.9 (7.2) | 76.8 (7.0) | 73.3 (6.1) | 79.7 (7.2) | 75.4 (6.9) | <.001 |
| No. of hospitalizations per patient, mean (SD) | 1.2 (0.5) | 1.2 (0.5) | 1.2 (0.6) | 1.2 (0.5) | 1.2 (0.6) | .25 |
Abbreviation: NA, not applicable; DM, diabetes mellitus.
a
Data are presented as no. (%) unless otherwise indicated. Source: Hawai‘i Health Information Corporation inpatient data (17).
b
P values based on χ2 tests (or Fisher’s exact tests) for categorical variables and one-way analysis of variance for continuous variables except for number of hospitalizations per patient, for which Kruskal–Wallis test was used.
c
This number is <10 and cannot be reported.