FIG. 1.

Valproic acid (VPA) treatment reactivates renal progenitor genes. qRT-PCR analysis of hKEpC (A–C) and hFKC (D–F) subjected to VPA (24 h). Shown are renal progenitor (A, D), pluripotency/self renewal (B, E), and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) (C, F) genes. At least three independent samples of human kidneys were used. The values shown were calculated with respect to nontreated control-hFKC/hKEpC (therefore equal 1). Data were calculated as average±standard deviation (SD). (*) p<0.05; (**) p<0.05 after logarithmic transformation versus untreated controls. (G) Comparison of SIX2 expression levels between hFKC and hKEpC before and after VPA treatment. Data were calculated as average±SD. (*) p<0.05; (**) p<0.005.