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Effects of red flashing light on refraction and axial length in guinea pigs. (a) The refraction was detected using a streak retinoscope. (b) The axial length was evaluated by A-scan ultrasonography. Data shown are from three independent experiments. * and ⋆ P < 0.05 indicate significant differences from unexposed groups; # P < 0.05 indicates significant difference from white flashing light group.
