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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jul 29.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Cardiol Rep. 2009 Mar;11(2):133–140. doi: 10.1007/s11886-009-0020-1

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Mental Stress Provocation results in activation of visceral effectors from the CNS that promote parasympathetic withdrawal (HRV) and accentuation of sympathetic tone (Norepinephrine). This imbalance promotes inflammatory vascular factors which serve to promote vascular dysfunction and results in Mental Stress Ischemia (MSI)