Table 2.
Characteristic Findings Among Patients With Neuronal Nuclear or Cytoplasmic Antibodies.a
| Antibody | Antigen | Oncological Association | Neurological Presentations |
|---|---|---|---|
| ANNA-1 | ELAVL (Hu) | Small cell carcinoma | Limbic encephalitis, brain stem encephalitis, autonomic neuropathies, sensory neuronopathy, other peripheral neuropathies |
| ANNA-2 | NOVA 1, 2 (Ri) | Small cell carcinoma, breast adenocarcinoma | Dementia, limbic encephalitis, brain stem encephalitis, myelopathy, peripheral neuropathy |
| ANNA-3 | Unknown | Aerodigestive carcinomas | Brain stem encephalitis, limbic encephalitis, myelopathy, peripheral neuropathy |
| AGNA | SOX-1 | Small cell carcinoma | Neuropathy, Lambert-Eaton syndrome, limbic encephalitis |
| Ma1, Ma2 | PNMA1, PNMA2 (Ma1, Ma2) | Testicular (Ma2); breast, colon, testicular (Ma1) | Limbic encephalitis, hypothalamic disorder, brain stem encephalitis |
| PCA-1 | CDR2 | Mullerian adenocarcinoma, breast adenocarcinoma | Cerebellar ataxia, brain stem encephalitis, myelopathy, radiculopathies, peripheral neuropathies |
| PCA-2 | Unknown | Small cell carcinoma | Limbic encephalitis, ataxia, brain stem encephalitis, Lambert-Eaton syndrome, peripheral and autonomic neuropathies |
| PCA-Tr | Unknown | Hodgkin lymphoma | Cerebellar ataxia |
| CRMP-5 IgG | CRMP-5 | Small cell carcinoma, thymoma | Subacute onset dementia, personality change, aphasia, depression, chorea, ataxia, myelopathy, radiculopathy, neuropathy, Lambert-Eaton syndrome |
| Amphiphysin IgG | Amphiphysin | Small cell carcinoma, breast adenocarcinoma | Limbic encephalitis, aphasia, other subacute onset dementias, stiff-person phenomena, myelopathy, neuropathy |
| GAD65 antibody | GAD65 | Thymoma; renal cell, breast or colon adenocarcinoma | Stiff-man syndrome, stiff-man phenomena, ataxia, seizures, limbic encephalitis, brain stem encephalitis, ophthalmoplegia, parkinsonism, myelopathy |
| ZIC-4 antibody | ZIC-4 | Small cell carcinoma | Cerebellar ataxia |
Abbreviations: AGNA, antiglial/neuronal nuclear antibody; ANNA, antineuronal antibody; CDR, cerebellar degeneration-related protein; ELAVL, embryonic lethal, abnormal vision, Drosophila-like 1; GAD65, 65 kDa isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase; NOVA, neuro-oncological ventral antigen; PCA, Purkinje cell cytoplasmic antibody; PNMA, paraneoplastic Ma antigen; SOX, sex determining region Y-box 1; ZIC, zinc finger transcription factor; NMDA, N-methyl-d-aspartate; NMO, neuromyelitis optica; IgG, immunoglobulin G.
aReproduced with permission from Springer.5