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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jul 29.
Published in final edited form as: J Dispers Sci Technol. 2012 Dec 7;33(12):1762–1786. doi: 10.1080/01932691.2011.625523

FIG. 9.

FIG. 9

Van der Waals force remains unchanged while electrostatic field gets suppressed in the vicinity of the particle following an increase in the ionic strength of the dispersion medium. The local energy maximum existing at low ionic strengths (a) disappears at high ionic strengths (b), yielding an unstable colloidal (or cellular as in this example) suspension as the result. (Figure available in color online.)