Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 673 Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes stratified by the onset of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) after a median follow up period of 8 years
| Subjects without DKD at baseline and 8 year | Subjects with DKD at baseline and 8-year | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number |
554 |
119 |
|
|
Clinical features |
|
|
|
| Age (years) |
56 |
64 |
<0.001b |
| (47 to 63) |
(58 to 69) |
||
| Male sex |
39.7% (220) |
47.9% (57) |
0.100a |
| Age of onset (years) |
45 |
53 |
<0.001b |
| (38–55) |
(45–60) |
||
| Duration of diabetes (years) |
9 |
10 |
0.032b |
| (2 to 13) |
(6 to 13) |
||
| Smoking |
|
|
0.003a |
| Ex smokers |
31.8% (176) |
20.2% (24) |
|
| Current smokers |
9.7% (54) |
20.2% (24) |
|
| BMI (kg/m2) |
24.7 |
25.2 |
0.160b |
| (22.3 to 27.0) |
(22.7 to 27.2) |
||
| Waist circumference (cm) Men |
88.0 |
89.0 |
0.325b |
| (83.0 to 92.8) |
(84.0 to 96.0) |
||
| Waist circumference (cm) Women |
83.0 |
85.0 |
0.109b |
| (77.0 to 89.0) |
(77.8 to 93.0) |
||
| Waist to hip ratio |
0.88 |
0.91 |
<0.001b |
| (0.84 to 0.92) |
(0.87 to 0.96) |
||
| Systolic BP (mmHg) |
132 |
156 |
<0.001b |
| |
(120 to 145) |
(140 to 171) |
|
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) |
77 |
83 |
<0.001b |
| (70 to 85) |
(76 to 93) |
||
|
Laboratory data |
|
|
|
| HbA1c (%) |
7.5 |
7.6 |
0.919b |
| (6.7 to 8.7) |
(6.6 to 8.8) |
||
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) |
7.9 |
8.3 |
0.849b |
| (6.5 to 10.5) |
(6.2 to 10.1) |
||
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) |
3.20 |
3.70 |
0.008b |
| (2.70 to 3.90) |
(2.80 to 4.38) |
||
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) |
1.20 |
1.11 |
<0.001b |
| (1.00 to 1.50) |
(0.90 to 1.40) |
||
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) |
1.25 |
1.87 |
<0.001b |
| (0.87 to 1.95) |
(1.14 to 2.55) |
||
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) |
5.3 |
5.7 |
0.001b |
| (4.6 to 6.0) |
(4.8 to 6.7) |
||
| White blood cell count (×109/L) |
7.0 |
7.7 |
<0.001b |
| (5.8 to 8.3) |
(6.8 to 9.1) |
||
| ACR (mg/mmol) |
1.5 |
245.6 |
<0.001b |
| (0.8 to 4.7) |
(81.5 to 423.4) |
||
| eGFR (ml/min/ 1.73 m2) |
119.9 |
38.0 |
<0.001b |
| (101.7 to 138.1) |
(27.0 to 48.9) |
||
|
Drug use at baseline |
|
|
|
| Lipid lowering drugs |
5.4% (30) |
23.5% (28) |
<0.001a |
| ACEI/ARB |
6.1% (34) |
28.6% (34) |
<0.001a |
| Other blood pressure lowering drugs |
21.3% (118) |
63.9% (76) |
<0.001a |
| Oral blood glucose lowering drugs |
53.2% (295) |
36.1% (43) |
0.001a |
| Insulin | 16.8% (93) | 39.5% (47) | <0.001a |
a Derived from Chi-square text, % (N);b Mann–Whitney Two-Sample Test, Median (25th to 75th quartiles).
Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein.