Table 1.

Summary of studies included in the whole brain analysis diffusion tensor imaging group

					Demographic character												Methodological character
Study	ASD				TD												Value						Multiple comparison correction
	Na	Males	Mean age (years)	IQb	Nc	Males	Mean age (years)	IQb	Diagnostic tools	Medication / comorbidity	Tesla	B factor	Number of direction	NEX	TE/TR (ms)	Type of WBA	Software	FA	MD	RD	AD	ADC	Threshold	FWE	FDR	TFCE	Permutation	Main results
Whole brain voxel-wise analysis study
Ameis and colleagues [43]	19	16	12.4	99	16	8	12.3	101	DSM-IV/ADI-R/ADOs	No/No	3	1,250	12	5	80/4,100	TBSS	FSL4.1	○	○	○	○	○	P <0.05	○	×	○	×	MD↓ in UF, IFOF, CC, SLF, in ASD children
Barnea-Goraly and colleagues [44]	7	7	14.6	101	9	9	13.4	107	ADI-R/ADOS	NA/Na	3	900	6	4	106/6,000	Voxel Based Whole Brain	SPM99	○	×	×	×	×	P <0.05	×	×	×	×	FA↓ in Cg, UF, in ASD
Barnea-Goraly and colleagues [18]	13	11	10.5	86	11	9	9.6	120	ADI-R/ADOS	NA/No	1.5	900	6	4	106/6,000	TBSS	FSL4.1	○	×	○	○	×	P <0.05	○	×	○	○	FA↓ in CC, SLF, in ASD
Bloemen and colleagues [45]	13	113	39	110	13	13	37	115	ICD-10/ADI-R/ADOS	NA/No	NA	1,300	4	NA	107/15,000	Voxel Based Whole Brain	SPM2	○	○	○	×	×	P <0.05	NA	NA	×	○	FA↓ in IFOF, ILF, CC, SLF, Cg, in ASD
Bode and colleagues [46]	27	20	14.7	NA	26	17	14.5	NA	ADI-R/ADOS	NA/No	NA	100	NA	1	90/8,000	TBSS	FSL	○	○	×	×	×	P <0.0005	NA	NA	×	×	FA↓ in IFOF
Cheung and colleagues [48]	13	12	9.3	100	14	13	9.9	112	ICD-10/ADI-R	No/No	1.5	1,200	25	NA	100/10,000	Voxel Based Whole Brain	SPM2	○	×	×	×	×	P <0.0005	×	×	×	×	FA↓ in SLF, FA, in ASD
Groen and colleagues [49]	17	14	14.4	98	25	22	15.5	105	ADI-R	No/No	1.5	900	30	4	93/10,100	Voxel Based Whole Brain	SPM5	○	○	×	×	×	P <0.05	×	○	×	×	FA↓ in SLF, ILF, in ASD
Jeong and colleagues [50]	32	29	439	NA	14	11	5.61	NA	DSM-IV	NA/No	3	1,000	6	6	NA/1,250	Whole Brain Tractography	FSL	○	○	×	×	×	Various	×	○	×	×	FA↓ in, AF <UF, CC in ASD
Jou and colleagues [51]	15	15	10.9	NA	8	8	11.5	NA	DSM-IV/ADI-ADOS	NA/NA	3	NA	30	3	85/6,200	TBSS	FSL	○	×	○	○	×	P <0.05	NA	NA	○	×	FA↓ in IFOF, SLF, UF, Cg, in ASD
Jou and colleagues [52]	10	10	13.5	91	10	10	13.5	105	DSM-IV/ADI-R/ADOS	NA/NA	1.5	1,000	6	6	92/1,1200	Voxel Based Whole Brain	Biolmage Suite	○	×	×	×	×	p<0.05	×	×	×	×	FA↓ in CC, CG, SLF, IFOF, ILF, in ASD
Ke and colleagues [53]	12	12	8375	101	12	12	9.4	100	DSM-IV/ADI-R	NA/No	1.5	1,000	15	2	104.4/8,000	Voxel Based Whole Brain	SPMS	○	×	×	×	×	p<0.05	×	×	×	×	No peak coordinates reported in cortical fibers
Kumar and colleagues [26]	32	29	5	NA	16	12	5.5	NA	DSM-IV	NA/No	3	1,000	6	6	79/1,0000	TBSS	FSL	○	×	×	×	○	p<0.05	×	×	×	×	FA↓ in rt UF, IFO, AF, rt Cg, CC in ASD
Noriuchi and colleagues [54]	7	6	14	93	7	6	13.4	116	DSM-IV	NA/NA	3	800	32	NA	88/7,420	Voxel Based Whole Brain	SPM2	○	×	×	×	×	p<0.05	○	×	×	×	FA↓ in SLF, CC, Cg, in ASD
Sahyoun and colleagues [55]	12	9	12.8	101	12	9	13.3	106	DSM-IV/ADI-R	No/NA	3	700	60	NA	84/7,980	TBSS	FSL	○	○	×	×	×	p<0.05	NA	NA	×	○	FA↑ in bl UF, rt SLF, FA↓ in bl, SLF, bl FOF in ASD
Thakkar and colleagues [56]	12	10	30	116	14	8	27	114	DSM-IV/ADI-R/ADOS	Yes/No	3	700	60	NA	82/8,400	Voxel Based Whole Brain	FSL	○	×	×	×	×	p<0.05	NA	NA	×	×	FA↓ in Cg in ASO
Weinstein and colleagues [27]	21	NA	3.3	NA	26	NA	3.3	NA	DSM-IV/ADI-R/ADOS	NA/No	1.5	1,000	15	2	94/1,1000	TBSS	FSL 0	○	○	○	○	×	p<0.05	NA	NA	○	×	FA↑ in lt SLF, bl Cg, CC in ASD

^aNumber of ASD participants. ^bMean IQ of participants. ^cNumber of controls. AD axial diffusivity, ADC apparent diffusion coefficient, ADIR Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, ADOS Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, ASD autism spectrum, AF arcuate fasciculus, bl bilateral, CC corpus callosum, Cg cingulum, DSM-IV Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV, FA fractional anisotropy, FDR false discovery rate, FSL FMRIB Software Library, FWE family wise error, ICD-10 International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems-10, IFOF inferior frontal occipital fasciculus, ILF inferior frontal occipital fasciculus, lt left, MD mean diffusivity, NA not available, NEX number of excitation, RD radial diffusivity, rt right, SLF superior longitudinal fasciculus, SPM statistical parametric mapping, TBSS tract-based spatial statistics, TD typically developing, TE echo time, TFCE threshold, free cluster enhancement, TR repetition time, UF uncinate fasciculus, WBA whole brain analysis.