Table 1. Sociodemographic characteristics of MDR TB patients included in the present analysis (n = 583).
| Characteristic | n (%) | |||
| Age, years (median, IQR) | 37.5 (28.9–48.9) | |||
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 232 | (39.8) | ||
| Male | 351 | (60.2) | ||
| Marital Status | ||||
| Married | 352 | (60.5) | ||
| Single/Divorced/Widowed | 230 | (39.5) | ||
| Employment Status | ||||
| Employed | 191 | (34.1) | ||
| Unemployed/Student/Retired | 370 | (66.0) | ||
| Area of Residence | ||||
| National Capital Region | 386 | (66.2) | ||
| Other | 97 (33.8) | |||
| Income Level, PHP/month * | ||||
| <5000 | 131 | (22.5) | ||
| ≥5000 | 452 | (77.5) | ||
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | ||||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 249 | (48.5) | ||
| Normal | 264 | (51.5) | ||
| History of Diabetes | ||||
| No | 402 | (73.6) | ||
| Yes | 144 | (26.4) | ||
| Current Smoker | ||||
| No | 343 | (58.8) | ||
| Yes | 240 | (41.2) | ||
| History of Alcohol Abuse | ||||
| No | 331 | (56.8) | ||
| Yes | 252 | (43.2) | ||
| Site of TB Disease | ||||
| Pulmonary | 569 | (97.6) | ||
| Extrapulmonary | 14 | (2.4) | ||
| Previous TB treatment episodes | ||||
| None | 12 | (2.1) | ||
| 1 | 68 (11.7) | |||
| ≥2 | 503 | (86.3) | ||
| Cavitation at diagnosis | ||||
| No | 272 | (46.7) | ||
| Yes | 311 | (53.3) | ||
| Drug Susceptibility Results † | ||||
| 1st line only | 350 (62.7) | |||
| 1st line +2nd line injectable only | 2 (0.3) | |||
| 1st line+fluoroquinolone only | 186 (33.3) | |||
| 1st line+fluoroquinolone+injectable (XDR TB) | 22 (3.9) | |||
| Drugs Used in Treatment Regimen § | ||||
| First-line | ||||
| Pyrazinamide | 352 (60.5) | |||
| Ethambutol | 83 (14.2) | |||
| Injectable Drugs | ||||
| Kanamycin or Amikacin | 385 (66.0) | |||
| Capreomycin | 38 (6.5) | |||
| Streptomycin | 203 (34.8) | |||
| Fluoroquinolones | ||||
| Ciprofloxacin | 17 (2.9) | |||
| Ofloxacin | 284 (48.7) | |||
| Levothoxacin | 26 (4.5) | |||
| Moxifloxacin | 185 (31.7) | |||
| Group 4 or 5 Drugs | ||||
| Clarithromycin | 47 (8.1) | |||
| Cycloserine | 505 (86.6) | |||
| Prothionamide or Ethionamide | 425 (72.9) | |||
| p- aminosalicylic acid | 320 (54.9) | |||
XDR TB = extensively drug-resistance tuberculosis.
*
5000 PHP/month equals approximately $120 US dollars/month.
†
DST missing for 25 patients who were treated empirically (n = 558 with DST). DST for 1st line drugs included isoniazid (H), rifampin (R), pyrazinamide (Z), ethambutol (E); injectable drugs tested included streptomycin (S) and kanamycin (K); 2nd line floroquinolones tested included ciprofloxacin (Cpx) and ofloxacin (Ofx).
§
Drugs are not mutually exclusive, and indicate number and proportion of patients who were prescribed the drug at some point during the treatment course.
Values represent number of patients and proportion unless otherwise noted.