Table 5.
Intake of energy, macronutrients, and minerals at baseline and during dairy and nondairy treatment periods
| Parameter | Mean ± SEM
|
P-valuea | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Dairy | Nondairy | ||
| Energy (kcal/d) | 1748 ± 67.2 | 1740 ± 51.6 | 1750 ± 58.5 | 0.867 |
| Carbohydrate (% energy) | 47.7 ± 1.2 | 42.8 ± 1.6 | 48.0 ± 1.7 | 0.003 |
| Protein (% energy) | 17.1 ± 0.8 | 18.7 ± 0.9 | 15.0 ± 0.8 | <0.001 |
| Total Fat (% energy) | 33.4 ± 1.1 | 30.0 ± 1.2 | 26.4 ± 1.1 | 0.008 |
| SFA (% energy) | 10.5 ± 0.5 | 9.9 ± 0.4 | 8.1 ± 0.4 | 0.004 |
| PUFA (% energy) | 4.8 ± 0.3 | 4.0 ± 0.2 | 3.7 ± 0.3 | 0.226 |
| MUFA (% energy) | 8.9 ± 0.5 | 7.2 ± 0.5 | 6.9 ± 0.4 | 0.645 |
| Dietary fiber (g/d) | 17.5 ± 1.3 | 15.3 ± 0.9 | 18.9 ± 1.1 | 0.003 |
| Soluble fiber (g/d) | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 0.118 |
| Cholesterol (mg/d) | 244 ± 14.0 | 252 ± 14.2 | 228 ± 12.2 | 0.210 |
| Calcium (mg/d) | 603 ± 31.5 | 1068 ± 17.7 | 461 ± 18.7 | <0.001 |
| Magnesium (mg/d) | 211 ± 12.5 | 238 ± 10.3 | 206 ± 10.2 | 0.006 |
| Potassium (mg/d) | 1945 ± 96.4 | 2375 ± 67.1 | 1925 ± 78.0 | <0.001 |
| Sodium (mg/d) | 2665 ± 172 | 2597 ± 109 | 2676 ± 114 | 0.667 |
Notes:
a
P-values were calculated from a repeated measures analysis of variance model between dairy and nondairy treatments.
Abbreviations: d, day; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; SEM, standard error of the mean; SFA, saturated fatty acids.