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. 2013 Jul 19;65(1):48–54. doi: 10.4097/kjae.2013.65.1.48

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Copyright © the Korean Society of Anesthesiologists, 2013

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 2 — The comparison of sleep disturbance due to pain classified as breakthrough pain (BTP) during sleep and the sleep phases of induction (I), maintenance (M), and emergence (E). ^*There were significantly frequent occurrences of BTP during the emergence sleep phase at 3 time serial periods in TID group following all visit days (P < 0.05). However, there was no difference in BTP by the time serial between the TID and QID groups BTP during the emergence sleep phase was significantly reduced in QID group.