Table 3.

Summary of gross appearance, PCR analysis, histological, and immunohistochemical results

Control (n = 5)		Drilling (n = 5)		Covering (n = 5)
Gross appearance at 4 weeks	Rough and depressed	Smooth		Uneven, bony spur
Pineda’s score	11 ± 0*	6.2 ± 0.6*		12.7 ± 0.6*
Real time PCR		1 week	4 weeks	1 week	4 weeks
TGFβ		1.9 ± 0.4*	1.2 ± 0.4*	1.2 ± 0.6*	0.4 ± 0.3*
Sox9		9.7 ± 9.3*	0.7 ± 0.3*	1.6 ± 0.9*	0.4 ± 0.2*
RUNX2		1.5 + 0.9*	1.1 ± 1.3*	0.6 ± 0.3*	0.7 ± 0.4*
Osteocalcin		6.1 ± 6.0*	1.1 ± 0.3*	0.5 ± 0.4*	2.3 ± 0.4*
Collal		2.6 ± 1.6*	0.9 ± 0.2*	1.9 ± 0.6*	0.3 ± 0.2*
Col2al		2.9 ± 3.3*	1.0 ± 0.2*	1.4 + 1.7*	2.2 ± 0.5*
Immunohistological results
The distribution of positive immunoreactivity
TGFβ	No immunoreactivity	Deep layer of fibrous reparative tissue above the area of ingrowth of hyaline cartilage		No immunoreactivity
Sox9	Deep layer of reparative tissue	Area of hyaline cartilage ingrowth		Bony reparative tissue
Runx2	No immunoreactivity	Area of hyaline cartilage ingrowth		Shallow layer of reparative tissue
Osteocalcin	Shallow layer of reparative tissue	Area of hyaline cartilage ingrowth		All area of reparative tissue
Collal	No immunoreactivity	Fibrous reparative tissue		Shallow fibrous reparative tissue
Col2al	No immunoreactivity	Area of hyaline cartilage ingrowth		Bony reparative tissue