Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Representative beat-by-beat recordings of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and respiratory movement (Resp) in the same subject. The 1st arrow denotes opening the mouth, and the 2nd arrow denotes tactile stimulation of the oropharynx (TSO; eliciting the gag reflex). Within 1–2 cardiac cycles after TSO, there was a rapid increase in MSNA, BP, and HR. Trials 1 and 2 were separated by 5 min.
