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ΔRPP in response to TSO before (solid lines) and after (dashed lines) 4% topical lidocaine inhalation (Experiment 2). Prior to lidocaine, TSO elicited the gag reflex; after lidocaine, the gag reflex was abolished. Data are means ± SE. *P < 0.05 between treatments. BASE, baseline; REC 5/30, recovery with 5/30 cardiac cycles.
