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. 2013 Feb 13;33(7):2761–2772. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1268-12.2013

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Copyright © 2013 the authors 0270-6474/13/332761-12$15.00/0

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Figure 1. — Sex differences and hormonal dependence of microglia in the POA. Iba1 staining in the POA on postnatal day 2 of a male pup (A, B) and a female pup (C, D) at 4× magnification and 20× magnification. Scale bar: A, B, 500 μm; C, D, 50 μm. Black arrows indicate examples of ameboid microglia; gray arrows indicate examples of transitioning microglia; white arrows indicate examples of ramified microglia. Males had significantly more total microglia (E) and ameboid microglia specifically (F) in the POA on PN2 than females. Estradiol masculinized microglial counts in females, and cotreatment of females with estradiol and minocycline prevented this masculinization. Among transitioning microglia, females cotreated with minocycline and estradiol had significantly fewer cells than males or estradiol-treated females (G). *Significantly different from males (ANOVA: p < 0.05). ⁺Significantly different from females + E₂ (ANOVA: p < 0.05). There was no sex difference or hormonal dependence on the number of ramified microglia (H).