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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Inq. 2013 Mar 19;24(1):1–19. doi: 10.1080/1047840X.2013.752715

Figure 5. Culture-gene coevolution of individualism-collectivism and the serotonin transporter gene.

Figure 5

(a) nations with increased collectivism also show increased prevalence of the S allele; (b) nations with increased contemporary pathogen prevalence are more likely to show collectivistic values due to increased frequency of the S allele of the serotonin transporter gene; (c) nations with increased S allele of the serotonin transporter gene are more likely to show reduced anxiety and mood disorders due to increased prevalence of cultural collectivism (adapted from Chiao & Blizinsky, 2010).