Fig. 2.

Flow of events leading to protein synthesis. A) Binding of ligand to its specific cell membrane receptor triggers intracellular signaling and activation of gene expression. B) Synthesis of new RNA template from transcription of the original strand of DNA. C) Assembling of the ribosome complex at the initiation codon of the mRNA molecule. D) Decoding of mRNA in sets of nucleotides forming a polypeptide chain. E) Folding in the Golgi apparatus to complete protein synthesis. This can be followed by protein secretion to the extracellular environment or “sequestration” within the cell itself.