Figure 6.

Parainfluenza infection and Pam₂CSK₄ (TLR2/6)/ODN2395 (TLR9) cause pulmonary and systemic inflammatory cell changes. Guinea pigs were pretreated with Pam₂CSK₄ (4 nmol) and ODN2395 (1 nmol) in combination, or with PBS vehicle, administered as an aerosol directly into the trachea (Tracheal), or as a nasal solution (Nasal), 24 hours before parainfluenza virus or mock infection. Bronchoalveolar (BAL) and peripheral blood total and differential leukocyte counts were evaluated 4 days after virus infection. (A) Tracheal pretreatment BAL counts (n = 6 per group). (B) Nasal pretreatment BAL counts (n = 5 per group). (C) Tracheal pretreatment peripheral leukocyte counts (n = 6 per group). (D) Nasal pretreatment peripheral leukocyte counts (n = 5 per group). Data shown represent the means ± standard errors of the mean. *P < 0.05, compared with PBS + Mock control group.