Table 1.

Descriptive Information about Study Variables.

Variable	European American			African American			t
	M (SD)	Range	N	M (SD)	Range	N
Expressive Encouragement	5.53 (1.00)	2.36–7	137	5.15 (1.09)	2.82–7	63	2.50*
Emotion-Focused	6.01 (.67)	2.91–7	137	5.90 (.72)	4.27–7	63	1.10
Problem-Focused	6.16 (.65)	3.73–7	137	5.89 (.80)	3.82–7	63	2.54*
Minimizing	2.16 (.67)	1–4.18	137	2.36 (.84)	1–4.82	63	−1.82
Punitive	1.92 (.60)	1–4	137	2.03 (.74)	1–3.91	63	−1.11
Distress	2.52 (.65)	1–4	137	2.34 (.58)	1.27–3.82	63	1.87
Academic Performance	3.75 (.87)	1–5	104	3.79 (.82)	2.33–5	45	−.29
Social-Emotional Competence	3.76 (.92)	1.14–5	104	3.45 (.78)	1.43–5	45	1.95

^*p < .05.