Table 1.
TFA | MSG + TFA | ASP + TFA | ASP + MSG + TFA | Sig. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight (g) |
|
|
|
|
|
6-week |
20.07 ± 0.43 |
21.29 ± 0.28 |
20.94 ± 0.26 |
21.03 ± 0.32 |
0.06 |
17-week |
31.58 ± 0.77 |
32.99 ± 0.59 |
31.37 ± 0.58 |
32.36 ± 0.87 |
0.31 |
% Weight Change |
57.58 ± 2.85 |
54.91 ± 1.59 |
50.19 ± 3.44 |
54.78 ± 2.38 |
0.27 |
Adipose Weight (g) |
1.08a ± 0.13 |
1.36ab ± 0.09 |
0.98a ± 0.16 |
1.67b ± 0.14 |
0.001 |
Liver Weight (g) |
1.25 ± 0.06 |
1.23 ± 0.05 |
1.30 ± 0.03 |
1.33 ± 0.06 |
0.49 |
Liver Triglyceride (mg/ml) |
8.12a ± 0.65 |
12.14b ± 1.00 |
9.90ab ± 1.16 |
13.33b ± 0.84 |
0.001 |
T_CHOL (mmol/dL) |
121.60a ± 1.34 |
121.67a ± 3.25 |
127.0ab ± 1.62 |
130.13b ± 1.54 |
0.01 |
HDL (mmol/dL) |
87.43 ± 4.08 |
89.39 ± 4.61 |
96.75 ± 1.22 |
98.09 ± 2.91 |
0.08 |
Free Fatty Acids (μM) |
156.99ab ± 4.59 |
177.36bc ± 7.73 |
146.2a ± 5.30 |
190.03c ± 5.36 |
<0.0001 |
Fasting Glucose (mg/dL) |
|
|
|
|
|
6-week |
45.00a ± 2.10 |
52.03ab ± 3.41 |
62.50b ± 3.09 |
92.50c ± 3.87 |
<0.0001 |
17-week |
98.53ac ± 8.05 |
117.43ab ± 10.21 |
81.97c ± 6.53 |
132.90b ± 8.23 |
<0.001 |
Insulin (pg/ml) |
525.5 ± 55.6 |
552.51 ± 56.57 |
539.73 ± 43.84 |
606.46 ± 54.50 |
0.75 |
HOMA-IR |
3.65a ± 0.38 |
4.67ab ± 0.27 |
3.06a ± 0.31 |
5.86b ± 0.70 |
<0.001 |
C-Peptide (pg/ml) |
1761.88a ± 200.3 |
1708.5a ± 123.17 |
1078.42b ± 86.51 |
1994.65a ± 150.65 |
<0.001 |
Amylin (pg/ml) |
58.38 ± 5.39 |
58.82 ± 5.55 |
64.74 ± 4.24 |
59.75 ± 4.82 |
0.81 |
GIP (pg/ml) |
129.13ab ± 17.9 |
95.46b ± 7.37 |
143.68c ± 11.91 |
113.75ac ± 8.69 |
0.04 |
Leptin (pg/ml) |
5096.68a ± 662.7 |
9073.34b ± 1319.8 |
5460.9a ± 979.17 |
10917.55b ± 716.01 |
<0.001 |
MCP-1 (pg/ml) |
69.06a ± 7.26 |
55.09a ± 6.03 |
69.05a ± 7.96 |
39.58b ± 4.53 |
0.01 |
Resistin (ng/ml) |
25.24 ± 1.64 |
23.12 ± 1.33 |
21.64 ± 1.24 |
25.33 ± 1.67 |
0.26 |
TNF-α (pg/ml) | 11.35a ± 1.35 | 7.77a ± 1.97 | 9.59a ± 1.40 | 30.56b ± 11.44 | 0.03 |
HOMA-IR Homeostasis model of assessment of insulin resistance, GIP Gastric inhibitory polypeptide, MCP-1 Monocyte chemotactic peptide-1. Data are presented as Means ± SEM (n = 15 per diet group). Significant differences in Means are indicated using different letters abc for p-value of <0.05.