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. 2013 Jul 27;10:26. doi: 10.1186/1476-9255-10-26

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Copyright © 2013 Smith et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Effect of pre-incubation on the HA dose response of HAC gene expression. Dose response on expression of the indicated genes of the hexadecylamide derivative of HA added simultaneously with (black markers, dashed line) or 1 hour before (white markers, solid line) the addition of IL-1β (2 ng/mL) in cultures of HAC. P < 0.05 for differences from cultures with IL-1β alone (no added HA; #) or differences +/− pre-incubation (§). Values are mean log fold-change from control (no IL-1 no HA; black dot) from five separate patients.