Table 1.
Clinical characteristics in subjects with different stages of glucose tolerance
| |
NGR |
IGM |
DM2h |
DM |
P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 47 | 52 | 61 | 60 | – |
| Age(year) |
45 ± 10 |
46 ± 13 |
48 ± 13 |
44 ± 12 |
0.093 |
| Female(%) |
22(46.8) |
21(40.4) |
26(51.0) |
28(46.7) |
0.886 |
| BMI(kg/m2) |
24.8 ± 3.4 |
25.2 ± 2.8 |
24.7 ± 2.5 |
25.0 ± 4.4 |
0.182 |
| SBP(mmHg) |
119 ± 12 |
126 ± 13* |
125 ± 15* |
132 ± 18* |
0.001 |
| DBP(mmHg) |
75 ± 10 |
77 ± 9 |
79 ± 10* |
80 ± 8* |
0.015 |
| TG(mmol/L) |
1.4(0.8–2.2) |
1.5(0.9–2.5) |
1.9(1.1–3.3)*‡ |
1.8(1.4–4.0)*‡ |
0.002 |
| TC(mmol/L) |
4.5 ± 1.2 |
4.7 ± 1.0 |
5.1 ± 1.3* |
5.3 ± 2.0*‡ |
0.022 |
| HDL-C(mmol/L) |
1.4 ± 0.4 |
1.2 ± 0.3* |
1.1 ± 0.3* |
1.1 ± 0.3* |
0.013 |
| LDL-C(mmol/L) |
2.3 ± 0.8 |
2.5 ± 0.8 |
2.8 ± 1.0*‡ |
2.6 ± 0.7* |
0.020 |
| HbA1c(%) |
5.3 ± 0.5 |
6.3 ± 1.1* |
7.6 ± 1.6*‡ |
8.9 ± 1.8*‡§ |
0.000 |
| ISI |
168(122–222) |
131(97–203)* |
108(74–162)*‡ |
92(67–142)*‡ |
0.002 |
| ΔI30/ΔG30 |
4.5(3.7–5.8) |
2.6(1.4–4.4)* |
1.6(1.1–3.1)*‡ |
1.0(0.5–1.9)*‡§ |
0.000 |
| oral disposition index |
745(546–947) |
362(271–475)* |
203(134–274)*‡ |
91(70–139)*‡§ |
0.000 |
| SD(mmol/L) |
0.9 ± 0.3 |
1.5 ± 0.5* |
1.9 ± 0.6*‡ |
2.2 ± 0.6*‡§ |
0.000 |
| MBG(mmol/L) |
5.9 ± 0.5 |
6.7 ± 0.7* |
7.7 ± 1.0*‡ |
8.7 ± 1.5*‡§ |
0.000 |
| HBGI |
0.8(0.2–1.2) |
2.0(1.2–3.7)* |
3.8(2.4–5.6)*‡ |
6.4(3.2–9.5)*‡§ |
0.000 |
| CONGA1(mmol/L) |
1.0 ± 0.2 |
1.3 ± 0.2* |
1.5 ± 0.3*‡ |
1.8 ± 0.4*‡§ |
0.000 |
| MODD(mmol/L) |
0.9 ± 0.3 |
1.4 ± 0.4* |
1.8 ± 0.7*‡ |
2.1 ± 0.7*‡§ |
0.000 |
| MAGE(mmol/L) | 2.1 ± 0.6 | 3.3 ± 1.0* | 4.3 ± 1.4*‡ | 4.8 ± 1.6*‡§ | 0.000 |
Normally distributed values in the table are given as the mean ± SD, and the non-normally distributed values are given as the median (25% and 75% interquartiles).
NGR normal glucose regulation, IGM impaired glucose metabolism, DM2h screen-diagnosed diabetes by isolated 2-h glucose, DM newly diagnosed diabetes by both fasting and 2-h glucose.
BMI body mass index, SBP/DBP systolic/diastolic blood pressure, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HbA1c glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, ISI insulin sensitivity index, ΔI30/ΔG30 serum insulin to glucose measured at 30 min, SD standard deviation of blood glucose, MBG mean of blood glucose, HBGI high blood glucose index, CONGA1 continuous overlapping net glycemic action calculated every 1 h, MODD mean of daily differences, MAGE mean amplitude of glycemic excursions.
Sex distribution was compared by Chi-squared test; comparison to NGR: *p < 0.05; comparison to IGM: ‡p < 0.05; comparison to DM2h: §p < 0.05.