Table 4.
Route subscale characteristics: all studies combined (n = 290 route reliability pairs)
| Subscale | # items (range of scores) | Sample items* and overall subscale description | Mean (SD) | ICC, % agreement | Range of item ICCs or Kappas |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Land Use and Destinations Subscales |
|
|
|
|
|
| Positive Subscales |
|
|
|
|
|
| Residential Mix (weighted residential density) |
4 (0–3) |
Single family homes, apartments/condominiums, apartments above street retail |
1.34 (.64) |
.577, 80.0% |
.292 (retirement/senior living facilities) - .776 |
| Commercial-Shops |
10 (0–11) |
Food-related land uses, retail and service-oriented land uses and shopping centers |
1.37 (2.25) |
.873, 74.2% |
.407 -.842 |
| Commercial-Restaurants/Entertainment |
4 (0–6) |
Food-related uses (fast food, sit-down, café), entertainment |
.799 (1.31) |
.842, 81.3% |
.765-.796 |
| Institutional/Services-Professional Services |
3 (0–6) |
Bank/credit union, health-related professional, other services |
1.26 (1.54) |
.849, 75.3% |
.743-.808 |
| Institutional/Services-Religious, Schools (each a single item) |
1 each (0–2 each) |
Government or community land use: Place of worship; school |
N/A |
Religious: .712 Schools: .722 |
Same as subscales |
| Government Services |
4 (0–4) |
Health or social services, library/museums, post office, senior center |
.135 (.436) |
.652, 91.4% |
.279 (senior center) -.798 |
| Parking Structures (positive influence on PA) |
2 (0–2) |
No parking facilities present, parallel/angled on-street parking |
1.61 (.79) |
.736, 80.0% |
-.011 (no parking) -.689 |
| Recreational Land Use-Public Recreation Facilities |
4(0–3) |
Community garden, public indoor, public outdoor pay, public park |
.179 (.466) |
.717, 91.6% |
.497-.679 |
| Recreational Land Use-Private Recreation Facilities |
2 (0–2) |
Private indoor, private outdoor |
.097 (.34) |
.696, 95.5% |
.659-.704 |
| DLU Commercial (an interim subscale, may be used independently, but not included in overall scores) |
3 subscales (0–21) |
Sum of shops, restaurant/entertainment, and services subscales. Subscale created to reflect most common pedestrian destinations. Not included in overall positive subscale. |
3.39 (4.40) |
.889, 50.3% |
See above |
| DLU Overall Positive Subscale |
10 subscales (2–24) |
Sum of subscales: residential mix, shops, restaurants/entertainment, services, government services, religious, schools, positive parking, public recreation, and private recreation. |
7.08 (4.51) |
.855, 43.8% |
See above |
| Negative Subscale |
|
|
|
|
|
| Adverse Land Uses: Industrial, Abandoned Lot/Building, Surface Parking Lot or Garage **ALSO IS DLU Overall Negative |
6 (0–7) |
Warehouse/factory/industrial, abandoned building, large parking facilities |
1.17 (1.24) |
.610, 96.3% |
-.029 (abandoned building)-.659 |
| Overall Subscale |
|
|
|
|
|
| DLU Overall Subscale Score |
2 subscales (0–21) |
DLU Overall Positive subscale – Adverse Land Uses subscale |
5.91 (4.71) |
.801, 37.7% |
See above |
|
Streetscape Subscales |
|
|
|
|
|
| Positive Elements Subscale |
18 (0–10) |
Transit stops, posted speed limit, pedestrian signage, street amenities (e.g., working telephone, trash bins) |
3.70 (2.16) |
.741, 49.8% |
.395 (presence of kiosks or info booths) - .838 |
| Negative Elements Subscale |
5 (0–4) |
High speed limits, roll-over curbs, driveways |
1.69 (.876) |
.742, 70.1% |
.433-.814 |
| Overall Streetscape Score |
2 subscales (−3 – 10) |
Positive Streetscape Elements subscale– Negative Streetscape Elements subscale |
2.01 (2.66) |
.762, 45.7% |
See above |
|
Aesthetics and Social Subscales |
|
|
|
|
|
| Positive Aesthetics and Social Subscale |
5 (0–5) |
Public art, landscaping maintenance |
2.08 (1.09) |
.632, 48.7% |
.391 (signage for commercial destinations or parks) -.689 |
| Negative Aesthetics and Social Subscale |
14 (0–8) |
Graffiti, physical disorder, broken windows |
1.91 (1.81) |
.514, 36.6% |
.088 (social disorder (dichot: none vs. any) -.665 |
| Overall Aesthetics and Social Score |
2 subscales (−8 – 5) |
Positive Aesthetics and Social -Negative Aesthetics and Social Subscales |
0.18 (2.52) |
.580, 29.5% |
See above |
| Total Route Score | 3 overall subscales (−2 – 33) | Sum of 3 overall scores | 7.94 (8.18) | .816, 17.4% | See above |
*All item reliabilities can be found at: http://sallis.ucsd.edu.