Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients in the sample
| Characteristic | Total sample (n = 52) | Quetiapine (n = 24) | Haloperidol (n = 28) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), year | 56.8 (11.8) | 56.6 (12.0) | 57.0 (11.9) | 0.90 |
| Male, number (%) | 35 (67.3) | 15 (62.5) | 20 (71.4) | 0.49 |
| Education, number (%) | ||||
| Fewer than 6 years | 30 (57.7) | 13 (54.2) | 17 (60.7) | 0.98 |
| At least 6 years | 7 (13.5) | 4 (16.7) | 3 (10.7) | |
| 6–9 years | 2 (3.8) | 1 (4.2) | 1 (3.6) | |
| 10–12 years | 7 (13.5) | 3 (12.5) | 4 (14.3) | |
| 13 years or more | 6 (11.5) | 3 (12.5) | 3 (10.7) | |
| Principal diagnosis, number (%) | ||||
| Cancer with complications | 20 (38.5) | 10 (41.7) | 10 (35.7) | 0.77 |
| Soft tissue and bone injury with complications | 19 (36.5) | 7 (29.2) | 12 (42.9) | |
| Cardiovascular with complications | 7 (13.5) | 4 (16.7) | 3 (10.7) | |
| Severe infections | 6 (11.5) | 3 (12.5) | 3 (10.7) | |
| Possible causes of delirium, number (%) | ||||
| Infection | 42 (80.8) | 17 (70.8) | 25 (89.3) | 0.16 |
| Fluid–electrolyte imbalance | 39 (75.0) | 19 (79.2) | 20 (71.4) | 0.52 |
| Trauma | 33 (63.5) | 14 (58.3) | 19 (67.9) | 0.47 |
| CNS pathology | 23 (44.2) | 11 (45.8) | 12 (42.9) | 0.83 |
| Hypoxia | 32 (61.5) | 14 (58.3) | 18 (64.3) | 0.66 |
| Malnutrition or deficiency | 40 (76.9) | 17 (70.8) | 23 (82.1) | 0.34 |
| Disorders of the endocrine system | 11 (21.2) | 4 (16.7) | 7 (25.0) | 0.46 |
| Acute hemodynamic change | 18 (34.6) | 7 (29.2) | 11 (39.3) | 0.44 |
| Toxin or drugs | 21 (40.4) | 10 (41.7) | 11 (39.3) | 0.86 |
| Amitriptyline | 8 (15.4) | 6 (25.0) | 2 (7.1) | 0.12 |
| Tramadol | 3 (5.8) | 2 (8.3) | 1 (3.6) | 0.59 |
| Morphine | 4 (7.7) | 2 (8.3) | 2 (7.1) | 1.00 |
| Steroid | 2 (3.8) | 2 (8.3) | 0 (0) | 0.21 |
| Anticholinergic drug | 1 (1.9) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.6) | 1.00 |
| Baclofen | 1 (1.9) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.6) | 1.00 |
| Chemotherapy (ifosfamide) | 1 (1.9) | 1 (4.2) | 0 (0) | 0.46 |
| Total numbers of drug used, mean (SD) | 0.4 (0.7) | 0.5 (0.9) | 0.3 (0.5) | 0.28 |
| Others | 29 (55.8) | 13 (54.2) | 16 (57.1) | 0.83 |
| Total possible causes of delirium, mean (SD) | 5.6 (1.6) | 5.3 (1.5) | 5.8 (1.6) | 0.25 |
| Duration (days) of delirium before enrolled, mean (SD) | 3.1 (2.7) | 3.3 (2.5) | 2.9 (2.8) | 0.16 |
| Baseline DRS-R-98 scores, SD | 29.4 (4.5) | 29.0 (4.4) | 29.7 (4.6) | 0.23 |
| CGI–S score, SD | 6.1 (0.8) | 6.0 (0.8) | 6.1 (0.8) | 0.64 |
| Baseline total sleep time (hours), SD | 1.5 (2.2) | 2.0 (2.7) | 1.1 (1.7) | 0.26 |
| Baseline MSAS, SDa | 0.2 (0.7) | 0.1 (0.5) | 0.2 (0.8) | 0.89 |
Note:
a
Some patients had prior movement disorder from Parkinson’s disease.
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; DRS-R-98, Delirium Rating Scale-revised-98; CGI-S, CGI scale; MSAS, Modified (nine-item) Simpson-Angus Scale; CNS, central nervous system.