Table 1.
Change in BMI, Waist Circumference, Blood Pressure, Fitness, Activity, and Self-Esteem with zBMI Change over 6 Months
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Change in BMI z-score over 6 months |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Increased |
zBMI decrease >0 to <0.25 |
zBMI decrease ≥0.25 to <0.5 |
zBMI decrease ≥0.5 |
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(n=9) |
(n=29) |
(n=17) |
(n=16) |
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| na | Mean | (SE) | Mean | (SE) | Mean | (SE) | Mean | (SE) | Group comparisonb | Test of linear trendc |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||||||
| Initial mean | 28.6 | (2.6) | 27.2 | (0.7) | 26.3 | (0.6) | 25.9 | (0.9) | 0.5 | |
| Mean change | 1.4 | (0.3) | −0.3 | (0.1) | −1.6 | (0.1) | −3.0 | (0.2) | <0.001 by design | <0.001 by design |
| BMI z-score | ||||||||||
| Initial mean | 2.81 | (0.28) | 2.76 | (0.11) | 2.60 | (0.11) | 2.65 | (0.13) | 0.7 | |
| Mean change | 0.08 | (0.02) | −0.14 | (0.02) | −0.37 | (0.02) | −0.71 | (0.05) | <0.001 by design | <0.001 by design |
| Waist circumference (cm) | ||||||||||
| Initial mean | 80.4 | (3.6) | 82.0 | (1.4) | 80.3 | (1.5) | 79.4 | (1.9) | 0.7 | |
| Mean change | −2.4 | (0.8) | −2.5 | (0.5) | −4.9 | (0.7) | −7.8 | (0.7) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference z-score | ||||||||||
| Initial mean | 2.79 | (0.24) | 2.93 | (0.09) | 2.70 | (0.12) | 2.75 | (0.13) | 0.7 | |
| Mean change | −0.29 | (0.07) | −0.31 | (0.04) | −0.55 | (0.08) | −0.82 | (0.06) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||||||||
| Initial mean | 117.2 | (4.3) | 116.6 | (2.7) | 116.9 | (2.6) | 116.5 | (3.2) | 0.7 | |
| Mean change | −4.6 | (2.7) | −5.7 | (2.5) | −3.2 | (2.7) | −6.0 | (3.0) | 0.9 | 0.4 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||||||||
| Initial mean | 66.9 | (3.0) | 66.1 | (1.8) | 65.3 | (1.9) | 62.9 | (1.8) | 0.6 | |
| Mean change | −5.3 | (3.8) | −3.9 | (2.1) | −2.2 | (1.7) | −6.7 | (1.9) | 0.6 | 0.7 |
| Recovery heart rate (beats/minute) | ||||||||||
| Initial mean | 125 | (12) | 111 | (4) | 115 | (6) | 107 | (6) | 0.99 | |
| Mean change | −28 | (13) | −13 | (5) | −19 | (5) | −21 | (7) | 0.5 | >0.9 |
| Physical activity (hours/week) | ||||||||||
| Initial mean | 8.8 | (1.8) | 7.8 | (1.0) | 11.4 | (1.6) | 8.1 | (0.9) | 0.2 | |
| Mean change | 1.3 | (2.1) | 5.1 | (1.5) | 2.4 | (2.3) | 6.2 | (1.8) | 0.4 | 0.12 |
| Sedentary activity (hours/week) | ||||||||||
| Initial mean | 20.6 | (2.4) | 22.9 | (1.5) | 17.1 | (1.8) | 20.3 | (2.2) | 0.9 | |
| Mean change | −8.7 | (2.2) | −4.9 | (1.8) | −2.7 | (1.8) | −4.8 | (1.7) | 0.4 | 0.3 |
| Global self-esteem score (range 0–4) | ||||||||||
| Initial mean | 2.8 | (0.3) | 2.8 | (0.2) | 3.2 | (0.1) | 3.0 | (0.1) | 0.7 | |
| Mean change | 0.1 | (0.3) | 0.3 | (0.1) | 0.2 | (0.2) | 0.3 | (0.2) | 0.8 | >0.9 |
a
n=maximum number of participants per subgroup.
b
p value obtained from analysis of variance (ANOVA.).
c
p value obtained from linear regression model fitting zBMI change as continuous explanatory variable and adjusting for randomization group.
SE, standard error.