Table 2.
Change in BMI, Waist Circumference, Blood Pressure, Fitness, Activity, and Self-Esteem with zBMI Change over 12 Months
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Change in BMI z-score over 12 months |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Increased |
zBMI decrease >0 to <0.25 |
zBMI decrease ≥0.25 to <0.5 |
zBMI decrease ≥0.5 |
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| |
(n=9) |
(n=18) |
(n=8) |
(n=7) |
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| na | Mean | (SE) | Mean | (SE) | Mean | (SE) | Mean | (SE) | Group comparisonb | Test of linear trendc |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||||||
| Initial mean | 27.5 | (1.4) | 27.4 | (0.8) | 27.4 | (0.9) | 26.4 | (0.6) | 0.9 | |
| Mean change | 1.9 | (0.2) | 0.4 | (0.1) | −0.9 | (0.2) | −3.1 | (0.4) | <0.001 by design | <0.001 by design |
| BMI z-score | ||||||||||
| Initial mean | 2.71 | (0.18) | 2.82 | (0.11) | 3.01 | (0.17) | 2.75 | (0.07) | 0.6 | |
| Mean change | 0.11 | (0.03) | −0.11 | (0.01) | −0.37 | (0.02) | −0.81 | (0.08) | <0.001 by design | <0.001 by design |
| Waist circumference (cm) | ||||||||||
| Initial mean | 81.4 | (2.0) | 83.8 | (2.2) | 80.6 | (2.0) | 80.1 | (2.5) | 0.6 | |
| Mean change | −1.6 | (1.1) | −2.2 | (1.1) | −2.7 | (1.7) | −7.9 | (1.3) | 0.02 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference z-score | ||||||||||
| Initial mean | 2.89 | (0.12) | 2.99 | (0.12) | 3.08 | (0.14) | 2.86 | (0.16) | 0.7 | |
| Mean change | −0.29 | (0.08) | −0.36 | (0.07) | −0.56 | (0.11) | −0.92 | (0.15) | 0.001 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||||||||
| Initial mean | 117.7 | (4.5) | 120.9 | (3.3) | 126.3 | (6.5) | 121.5 | (5.8) | 0.7 | |
| Mean change | −9.3 | (3.4) | −2.7 | (3.5) | −5.7 | (3.9) | −12.9 | (6.2) | 0.3 | 0.2 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||||||||
| Initial mean | 63.7 | (3.9) | 66.3 | (1.9) | 69.3 | (3.2) | 63.8 | (2.5) | 0.6 | |
| Mean change | −6.6 | (4.9) | 0.3 | (1.9) | −3.8 | (2.7) | −2.6 | (3.2) | 0.4 | >0.9 |
| Recovery heart rate (beats/minute) | ||||||||||
| Initial mean | 111 | (8) | 115 | (8) | 115 | (6) | 115 | (12) | 0.9 | |
| Mean change | −12 | (10) | −14 | (8) | 1 | (5) | −22 | (11) | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Physical activity (hours/week) | ||||||||||
| Initial mean | 5.2 | (0.8) | 8.6 | (1.1) | 7.8 | (1.6) | 6.3 | (1.2) | 0.2 | |
| Mean change | 3.2 | (1.6) | 3.7 | (2.0) | 3.9 | (1.3) | 6.1 | (1.6) | 0.9 | 0.5 |
| Sedentary activity (hours/week) | ||||||||||
| Initial mean | 21.1 | (3.1) | 21.2 | (1.8) | 18.8 | (2.6) | 21.0 | (4.2) | 0.9 | |
| Mean change | −1.4 | (4.1) | −1.5 | (1.2) | −1.6 | (1.1) | −4.3 | (3.4) | 0.9 | 0.8 |
| Global self-esteem score (range 0–4) | ||||||||||
| Initial mean | 2.9 | (0.3) | 2.7 | (0.2) | 2.7 | (0.3) | 3.1 | (0.2) | 0.7 | |
| Mean change | 0.3 | (0.3) | 0.4 | (0.2) | −0.1 | (0.3) | 0.5 | (0.2) | 0.5 | 0.6 |
a
n=maximum number of participants per subgroup.
b
p value obtained from analysis of variance (ANOVA) test.
c
p value obtained from linear regression model fitting zBMI change as continuous explanatory variable.
SE, standard error.