. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: Transl Stroke Res. 2013 Jan 11;4(1):76–88. doi: 10.1007/s12975-012-0251-0

Table 2.

Preconditioning triggers in stem cells and their benefits in the brain

Types and Triggers	Cells	Benefits		References
Types and Triggers	Cells	In vitro	In vivo after transplantation	References
Hypoxia	neural stem cells; bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells	improve survival; increase paracrine factors; reduce inflammatory genes	improve survival; increase paracrine factors; promote anti-inflammatory effects; reduce infarct size; enhance angiogenesis, vascularization or neural differentiation; improve neurological performance	[15, 16, 64, 75]
Pharmacological agent: minocycline	neural stem cells	increase paracrine factors	improve survival; increase paracrine factors; promote anti-inflammatory effects; reduce infarct size; enhance angiogenesis, vascularization or neural differentiation; improve neurological performance	[75]