Figure 4.

Protopanaxadiol (PPD) targets multiple signaling pathways. (A) The expression of anchor protein 8 (AKAP8L) and phosphatidylinositol transfer protein α (PITPNA) in PPD-treated cancer cells. Subconfluent HCT116 cells were treated with PPD (10 μM). Total RNA was collected at the indicated time points and subjected to semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis with primer pairs for human GAPDH, AKAP8L and PITPNA transcripts. Representative results are shown. (B) The effect of PPD on 8 different signaling pathways in HCT116 cells. Various subconfluent HCT116-GLuc cells lines were seeded in 24-well plates and treated without or with 10 μM PPD. At 24 h, cell culture medium was subjected to Gaussia luciferase assay. Each assay condition was carried out in triplicate.