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. 2013 Jul 21;6(Suppl 1):3–8. doi: 10.4137/IJTR.S11588

Table 1.

Factors affecting tryptophan-nicotinamide conversion.

Enhance	Suppress
Nutrients	Nutrients
High-quality protein³⁸	Low tryptophan diet³⁹
Unsaturated fatty acids²³	Low-molecular peptides³⁸
Hormones	Less vitamin B¹ intake⁴⁰
Thyroxine²⁴	Less vitamin B⁶ intake¹⁷
Chemicals	Excess protein intake⁴¹
Antihyperlipidemic drug²⁶	Hormones
Antitubercular drugs²⁷	Adrenaline²⁵
Phthalate esters¹⁸	Estrogen⁴²
Physiological conditions	Diseases
Pregnancy²¹	Type-I diabetes²⁰
	Renal failure¹³

Note: Superscript numbers reflect reference number.