Table 2.
Rate ratios for immune-mediated diseases following admission for rickets, osteomalacia or vitamin D deficiency, combined
| Disease | O | E | RR (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Addison’s disease |
21 |
3 |
7.2 (4.4 to 11.0) |
<0.001 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis1 |
16 |
8.2 |
2.0 (1.1 to 3.2) |
0.01 |
| Asthma (aged 5 to 54)2 |
150 |
375.5 |
0.4 (0.3 to 0.5) |
<0.001 |
| Autoimmune hemolytic anemia |
6 |
2.2 |
2.7 (1.0 to 5.9) |
0.03 |
| Chronic active hepatitis |
6 |
1 |
6.2 (2.3 to 13.5) |
<0.001 |
| Celiac disease3 |
78 |
14.3 |
5.5 (4.3 to 6.9) |
<0.001 |
| Crohn’s disease3 |
47 |
17.9 |
2.6 (1.9 to 3.5) |
<0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus (aged 0 to 29)4 |
7 |
1.8 |
3.9 (1.6 to 8.1) |
<0.001 |
| Hashimoto’s |
6 |
2.8 |
2.1 (0.8 to 4.6) |
0.11 |
| Idiopathic thrombocyt. purpura |
11 |
8.3 |
1.3 (0.7 to 2.4) |
0.44 |
| Multiple sclerosis5 |
15 |
13.1 |
1.1 (0.6 to 1.9) |
0.7 |
| Myxoedema |
335 |
520.4 |
0.6 (0.6 to 0.7) |
<0.001 |
| Pemphigoid |
13 |
4.9 |
2.7 (1.4 to 4.5) |
0.001 |
| Pernicious anemia |
60 |
35.7 |
1.7 (1.3 to 2.2) |
<0.001 |
| Polymyositis |
5 |
1 |
5.1 (1.6 to 11.9) |
<0.001 |
| Primary biliary cirrhosis |
12 |
4.4 |
2.8 (1.4 to 4.8) |
0.001 |
| Psoriasis |
29 |
44.2 |
0.7 (0.4 to 0.9) |
0.03 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis1 |
158 |
126.2 |
1.3 (1.1 to 1.5) |
0.005 |
| Scleroderma |
6 |
3.4 |
1.8 (0.7 to 3.9) |
0.25 |
| Sjogren’s syndrome |
20 |
9.4 |
2.1 (1.3 to 3.3) |
0.001 |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus |
33 |
8.1 |
4.1 (2.8 to 5.8) |
<0.001 |
| Thyrotoxicosis |
100 |
57.7 |
1.7 (1.4 to 2.1) |
<0.001 |
| Ulcerative colitis3 | 32 | 25.2 | 1.3 (0.9 to 1.8) | 0.21 |
O Observed number of cases, E Expected number, RR Rate ratio, 95% CI 95% Confidence interval.
1Hip replacement and knee replacement were excluded from the reference cohort.
2Nasal polyp and deflected septum were excluded from the reference cohort.
3Hemorrhoids, appendectomy and cholelithiasis were excluded from the reference cohort.
4Cataracts were excluded from the reference cohort.
5Limb fractures, dislocations, superficial injury, squint and head injury were excluded from the reference cohort.
Diseases studied, but with fewer than five observed cases: dermatomyositis, Goodpasture’s syndrome, myasthenia gravis, pemphigus, polyarteritis nodosa.