Table 1.
Summary of case series of pediatric rhegmatogenous retinal detachment spanning from 1959 to 2006. Baseline characteristics, risk factors, surgical approach, and outcomes are detailed.
| Case series | Years | Location of case series | Number of eyes (patients) | Age cutoff | Age distribution | % Male | Trauma (%) | Congenital (%)h | Prior surgery (%) | Myopia (%) | Uveitis (%) | Bilateral detachment (%) | Fellow eye pathology (%), non-trauma | Initial acuity | Macula involving (%) | GRT (%) | PVR at least grade C (%) | Initial SB (%) | Initial SB/PPV (%) | Initial PPV (%) | Total lensectomy (%) | Total PPV (%) | % Of total eyes with SO placement | % of PPV eyes with SOl | Mean surgeries | Single surgery anatomic success (%) | Final anatomic success % | Final acuity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hudson5 | 1959–1964 | London, UK | 35 (32) | 15 | 72% >10 | NR | 51 | NR | NR | 34 | 0 | 9 | NR | 50% <20/200 | NR | 3 | NR | 45 Total procedures | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | No PPV | No PPV | 1.9 | NR | 71 | 71% 20/200 or better |
| Scharf and Zonis7 | 1964–1973 | Haifa, Israel | 27 (27) | 20 | 74% >10 | 81 | 44 | NR | NR | 30 | 3.7 | 28 | 73 | NR | NR | 0 | NR | 28 Total procedures | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | No PPV | No PPV | 1.3 | NR | 78 | NR |
| Winslow and Tasman8 | 1966–1974 | Philadelphia, USA | 187 (179)d | 16 | NR | 73 | 44 | NR | 12 | 15 | 2.7 | 30% of myopes | 56.5% of myopes | 73.4 <20/200 | 77 | NR | NR | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | No PPV | No PPV | 1.2 For successful eyes | 66 | 80 | 58% 20/200 or better in reattached eyes |
| Okinami et al.14 | 1966-1985 | Moriguchi, Kyoto and Suita Japan | 908 (802) | 19 | 7% <10, 29% 10–14, 64% 15–19 | 74 | 26 | NR | NR | 53 | NR | 14.6 | NR | NR | NR, 21% involved 4 quadrants | NR | NR | 87 | NR | 2.7j | NR | NR | NR | NR (NR) | NR | NR | 83 | NR |
| Haring and Wiechansa,12 | 1980–1994 | Kiel, Germany | 33 (31) | 18 | 1 Patient <10 | 54 | 24f | Excluded | 9 | 42 | Excluded | 8 | NR | 39% >20/40 | 45 | 0 | PVR excluded from study | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | NR | No PPV (NR) | 1.2 | 88 | 100 | 61% >20/40 |
| Rumelt et al.b,6 | 1980-2000 | Jerusalem, Israel | 144 (127)e | 18 | Mean 10.8 | 73 | 42 | 62 | 10 | 14 | NR | 16 | NR | 70% <20/400 | 77 | 13 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR (NR) | NR | NR | 52 | 37% >20/400 |
| Wang et al.17 | 1983-2003 | Taoyuan, Taiwan | 296 (278) | 18 | 13% 0–10, 36% 11–15, 51% 16–18 | 74 | 30.7 | 16.6 | 5.1 | 79.1 | 0 | NR | NR | Median 20/600 | 81 | 5 | 46 | 76 | 19 | 5 | NR | 30.7 | 9 | 25 (29) | 1.34 | 72 | 85 | Median 20/100 |
| Yokoyama et al.9 | 1988-2001 | Hiroshima, Japan | 55 (49) | 15 | Mean 12 | 86 | 27f | 16 (13% FEVR) | 2 | 25 | 0 | NR | NR | Median 0.3 | NR | 1.8 | 22 | 76 | 0 | 24 | NR | 27 | NR | NR (NR) | NR | 78 | 87 (42 in cases with PVR) | Median 0.7 |
| Chang et al.14 | 1989-2003 | Taipei, Taiwan | 152 (146) | 18 | Mean 13.1 | 70 | 32.9 | 11.8 | 5.9 | 37.5 | 3.9 | 6 | NR | NR | 73 | 6.6 | 18.4 | 61.2 | NR | 38.8j | NR | 44.1 | 32.2 | 71.2 (73.1) | 1.5 | 58.5 | 78.3 | 42.8% improved by 2 or more lines |
| Akabane et al.3 | 1991–1996 | Sakura, Japan | 32 (28) | 15 | Mean 12.8 | 65 | 21.9 | 15.6 (all FEVR) | 9.4 | 37.5 | 0 | NR | NR | 65.6% >20/400 | 6.3 | 37.5 | 78 | 0 | 22 | NR | 31 | NR | NR (NR) | NR | 88 | 94 | 90.6% 20/200 or better | |
| Fivgas and Capone2 | 1991–1997 | Atlanta, USA | 29 (27) | 18 | Mean 9.6 | 70 | 42g | 45 | 34 | 34i, 4 with myopia alone | 3.5 | 22 | 89 | 24% >20/800 | 79 | 14 | 45 | 28 | NR | 72j | NR | 92 | 72 | 44 (78) | 2.2 | NR | 72 | 41% >20/800 |
| Weinberg et al. 18 | 1991–2000 | Chicago, USA | 39 (34) | 18 | Median 10 | 79 | 36 | 53 | 51 total, 28 excluding trauma related surgery | NR, none with myopia alone | 15 | 26 (includes trauma) | NR | Median CF | 74 | 15 | 31 | 41 | 46 | 13k | NR | 67 | 23 | NR (35) | 1.6 | 53 | 79 | Median 20/400 |
| Chen et al. 10 | 1995–2004 | Changhua City, Taiwan | 35 (32) | 15 | Median 13 | 75 | 23 | 49 (20% FEVR) | 2.9 | 60i, 23 myopia alone | 0 | 22 (29% excluding trauma) | NR | NR | 91 | 8.6 | 5.7 | 65.7 | 22.9 | 0 | 26 | 28.6 | 5.7 | 25 (20) | 1.4 | 65.7 | 80 | 37% 20/50 or better, 17% NLP |
| Soheilian et al.15 | 1997–2005 | Tehran, Iran | 127 (108) | 18 | Mean 12.1 | 81 | 44.3 | 39.3 (11% Stickler) | 7.9 | 9.4 | 0 | 18 (27.4 excluding trauma) | 85 | 44% ⩾20/200 | 80 | NR | 45 | 31 | 63 | 0 | 44 | 74.8 | 65.4 | NR (86.5) | 1.55 | 58 | 74.9 | 37% ⩾20/200 |
| Kocaoglan et al.13 | 2003c | Ankara, Turkey | 30 (29) | 18 | Mean 13.6 | NR | 43.3 | 6.6 | 3.3 | 29 | 0 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR, excluded >C2 | 100 | 0 | 0 | NR | NR | NR | NR (NR) | NR | 83.3 | 96.6 | NR |
| Gonzales et al.11 | 2001–2006 | Los Angeles, USA | 46 (45) | 18 | Median 9 | 71 | 43 | 35 | 61 total, 30 excluding trauma related surgery | 17i | 4.3 | 18, (includes trauma) | 37 | Median CF | 83, 58% total RD | 20 | 59 | 26 | 30 | 44 | 55 | NR | 56.5 | NR (88) | NR | 52 | 78 (88) | 44% ⩾20/200 |
| Wadhwa et al.16 | 2006c | New Delhi, India | 230 (216) | 18 | Mean 11.12 | 81.9 | 34.3 | 24.3i | 3.9 | 14.3i | 0.40% | 16.2 (includes trauma) | NR | 27% ⩾20/200 | 98 | NR | 44.8 | 37 | NR | 63j | NR | 69 | 69 | 100 (100) | 1.98 | NR | 88.7 | 30% ⩾20/200 |
NR: not reported; GRT: giant retinal tear; PVR: proliferative vitreoretinopathy; SB: scleral buckle (any type); SB/PPV: scleral buckle and pars plana vitrectomy; PPV: pars plana vitrectomy; SO: silicone oil.
Study assessed scleral buckle only in non-complex retinal detachment.
Series includes exudative detachments.
Date of publication or submission, dates of surgeries not included.
Outcomes reported for only 117 eyes of 109 patients, who were followed for >6 months.
115 eyes with RRD.
Perforating trauma excluded from study.
Traumatic cases excluded from other analysis.
Excluding congenital disorders leading to surgery with no vitreoretinal disorder; unless otherwise noted, includes cicatricial ROP and inherited syndromes such as Stickler and Marfan.
Stickler, Marfan, and ROP included in myopia group as well as congenital except for Wadhwa et al. where these cases were considered only in the myopia group.
Not clear if SB/PPV done in some of these cases.
Surgeons performed scleral buckle as part of initial surgery except for one case of macular hole as etiology of RRD, scleral buckle not placed in other cases because they were deemed inoperable.
Percentage of eyes undergoing PPV as part of initial surgery with placement of silicone oil during initial surgery (percentage of eyes undergoing any vitrectomy with any placement of silicone oil).