Table 2. Molecular divergence and age estimates (maximum likelihood and ρ) for haplogroup W and its subclades.

		All Nucleotide Substitutions
Haplogroup	n a	MLb	SE	Age (ky)c	95% CI (ky)	ρ	σ	Age (ky)c	95% CI (ky)
W	223	6.2	0.5	16.8	{14.2; 19.5}	6.8	0.8	18.4	{14.1; 22.8}
>W1	93	3.9	0.3	10.4	{9.0; 11.9}	4.0	0.4	10.7	{8.5; 12.9}
>>W1a	25	0.6	0.1	1.6	{1.2; 2.0}	0.7	0.0	1.8	{1.5; 2.0}
>>W1b	15	1.1	0.2	2.8	{1.9; 3.6}	1.6	0.6	4.2	{1.0; 7.4}
>>>W1b1	11	0.8	0.1	2.0	{1.3; 2.6}	1.0	0.1	2.6	{2.0; 3.2}
>>W1e	5	1.6	0.4	4.2	{2.4; 6.1}	2.4	1.4	6.3	{−1.1; 14.0}
>>W1f	3	2.7	0.5	7.2	{4.8; 9.6}	2.7	1.6	7.0	{−1.0; 15.4}
>>119 node	27	3.3	0.2	8.6	{7.4; 9.8}	4.1	0.6	11.0	{7.6; 14.5}
>>>W1c	16	3.0	0.2	7.9	{6.8; 9.0}	4.4	0.7	11.8	{7.9; 15.8}
>>>>W1c1	6	1.8	0.2	4.6	{3.6; 5.7}	2.3	0.6	6.1	{3.2; 9.0}
>>W1g	3	0.8	1.3	2.0	{−4.6; 8.9}	0.7	0.4	1.7	{−0.5; 4.0}
>194 node	119	6.2	0.3	16.8	{15.0; 18.7}	7.4	0.9	20.3	{15.5; 25.2}
>>W3	45	5.5	0.3	14.8	{13.0; 16.6}	5.8	1.2	15.5	{8.9; 22.5}
>>>W3a	33	4.4	0.3	11.8	{10.1; 13.6}	4.8	1.0	12.7	{7.4; 18.2}
>>>>W3a1	29	3.7	0.2	9.8	{8.7; 10.9}	3.8	0.2	10.0	{8.8; 11.3}
>>>>>W3a1a	5	3.5	0.2	9.1	{8.0; 10.3}	5.8	1.4	15.6	{8.0; 23.5}
>>>>>>W3a1a1	2	3.2	0.2	8.3	{7.1; 9.5}	7.0	3.5	19.0	{0.4; 39.5}
>>>>>>W3a1a2	2	2.4	0.3	6.3	{4.6; 8.0}	3.5	1.8	9.2	{0.2; 18.8}
>>>>>W3a1b	5	3.3	0.2	8.7	{7.5; 9.9}	4.0	1.2	10.6	{4.3; 17.2}
>>>>>W3a1c	3	1.4	0.3	3.7	{2.2; 5.2}	1.3	0.4	3.5	{1.2; 5.8}
>>>>W3a2	3	2.1	1.7	5.6	{−3.0; 14.8}	2.7	1.6	7.0	{−1.0; 15.4}
>>>W3b	11	3.8	0.3	10.0	{8.2; 11.8}	3.7	0.7	9.9	{6.4; 13.4}
>>>>W3b1	3	0.4	0.2	1.0	{0.2; 1.8}	0.3	0.1	0.9	{0.3; 1.4}
>>W4	14	4.6	0.4	12.2	{9.9; 14.7}	4.6	0.8	12.2	{7.7; 16.8}
>>>W4a	8	3.7	0.4	9.8	{7.6; 12.0}	3.8	0.9	9.9	{5.1; 14.8}
>>W5	29	4.6	0.3	12.2	{10.5; 14.0}	5.8	2.3	15.6	{3.6; 28.4}
>>>W5a	24	3.2	0.3	8.4	{6.9; 9.8}	4.0	1.2	10.6	{4.2; 17.2}
>>>>W5a1	18	2.7	0.2	7.1	{5.9; 8.4}	3.4	1.0	9.1	{3.7; 14.7}
>>>>>W5a1a	16	2.1	0.2	5.5	{4.5; 6.6}	2.4	0.3	6.4	{4.9; 7.8}
>>>>>>W5a1a1	5	1.6	0.2	4.1	{3.0; 5.2}	2.2	0.6	5.7	{2.6; 8.9}
>>>>>>>W5a1a1a	2	0.4	0.1	1.0	{0.3; 1.7}	0.5	0.3	1.3	{0.0; 2.6}
>>>>W5a2	5	2.0	0.3	5.1	{3.7; 6.5}	2.0	0.5	5.2	{2.7; 7.7}
>>>W5b	4	3.5	0.4	9.3	{7.3; 11.4}	4.3	1.9	11.3	{1.2; 22.0}
>>W6	29	4.7	0.3	12.6	{10.8; 14.5}	5.4	1.1	14.4	{8.3; 20.7}
>>>16192 node	26	4.2	0.3	11.2	{9.8; 12.6}	4.3	0.4	11.6	{9.5; 13.6}
>>>>W6a	5	1.9	0.4	5.0	{3.1; 6.8}	1.6	0.6	4.2	{1.3; 7.1}
>>>>W6b	6	3.1	0.3	8.1	{6.4; 9.7}	4.3	1.1	11.5	{5.6; 17.6}
>>>W6c	2	3.6	0.4	9.6	{7.7; 11.4}	5.0	2.5	13.4	{0.3; 27.5}
>W7	4	3.7	0.7	9.9	{6.0; 14.0}	2.8	1.2	7.2	{1.1; 13.6}

^aNumber of mtDNA sequences.

^bMaximum likelihood molecular divergence.

^cUsing the corrected molecular clock proposed by [21].