Phenotypic comparison of wild-type (WT) and vyl plants. A, Phenotypes of 3-d-old wild-type and vyl seedlings. B, Phenotypes of 2-week-old wild-type and vyl seedlings. The inset shows the greening of the tip region of the second real leaf of the vyl plants. C, Phenotypes of wild-type and vyl plants at the heading stage showing reduced growth of the vyl mutant plants. D, Comparison of wild-type and vyl seeds (dehulled). E, Measurement of the chlorophyll content of all leaves of wild-type and vyl mutants at four different developmental stages: 10, 20, 30, and 60 d. Data are means ± sd (n = 5). Error bars represent sd of five independent experiments. Chla, Chlorophyll a; Chlb, chlorophyll b; fr. wt, fresh weight.