Effect of the transient expression of CaADC1, CaADC1 K154A, and avrBsT on PA levels in N. benthamiana leaves. Putrescine, spermidine, and spermine contents were determined in leaf tissues at 0, 24, and 48 h after A. tumefaciens-mediated transient expression of the indicated constructs. Data are means ± sd from three independent experiments. Different letters indicate statistically significant differences (lsd; P < 0.05). FW, Fresh weight.