Table 2– Prevalence of respiratory pathogens in nasopharyngeal aspirates and pleural effusion samples from 28 children hospitalised with parapneumonic empyema.
| Nasopharyngeal aspirates | Pleural effusion | |
| Subjects | 28 | 25 |
| Bacterial detection | ||
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 15 | 19 |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 2 | 1 |
| Viral detection | ||
| Rhinovirus | 8 | |
| Bocavirus | 3 | |
| Parainfluenza viruses | 4 | |
| Human metapneumovirus | 4 | |
| Human coronavirus NL63 | 2 | |
| Respiratory syncitial virus | 2 | |
| Influenza A and B | 0 | |
| Adenovirus | 1 | |
| Cases of co-detection | 6 | 0 |
| Undiagnosed | 5 (18) | 5 (20) |
| TTMV detection# | ||
| Positive samples | 8 | 9 |
| Cases of co-detection | 6 (with one or several viruses) | 6 (with S. pneumoniae) |
Data are presented as n or n (%). Clinical criteria were based on respiratory complaints and fever, difficulty in breathing, pulmonary infiltrates compatible with pneumonia, a chest radiograph at admission confirmed by ultrasounds, white blood cell counts >20 G·L−1 or neutrophilis >10 G·L−1 and C-reactive protein level >60 mg·L−1 after 12 h of fever. Undiagnosed nasal aspiration and pleural effusion samples came from different patients, except for one of them. TTMV: torque teno mini virus. TTMV was detected by real-time PCR with primers and probes indicated in table 1. #: Isolation and genetic characterisation of TTMV sequences in undiagnosed pleural effusion samples.