Table 1.
Examples of SCFA-induced effects on intestinal epithelium.
| SCFA | HDAC inhibition | Effects on intestinal epithelium | Tested in | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acetate | Inactive | HDAC inhibition | Nuclear extracts of HT-29 | Waldecker et al. (17) | |
| HT-29 | Kiefer et al. (18) | ||||
| Propionate | Active, unknown | HDAC inhibition | Nuclear extracts of HT-29 Caco-2 | Waldecker et al. (17), Sanderson (19) | |
| Transcription factor | Activation of AP-1 signaling pathway | HT-29 and caco-2 | Nepelska et al. (20) | ||
| Cell cycle | Reduced cell growth and inhibition of differentiation by decreased p21 and CB1 mRNA | HT-29, HCT-116 | Hinnebusch et al. (21) | ||
| Butyrate | Class I and class IIa | HDAC inhibition | Nuclear extracts of HT-29 | Waldecker et al. (17) | |
| Energy supply | Energy supply | Isolated human colonocytes | Roediger (22) | ||
| Cell cycle | Reduced cell growth and inhibition of differentiation by decreased p21 and CB1 mRNA | HT-29, HCT-116 | Hinnebusch et al. (21) | ||
| Inhibition of proliferation | HT-29 cells | Siavoshian et al. (23) | |||
| Stimulation of alkaline phosphatase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity | |||||
| Transcription factor | Activation of AP-1 signaling pathway | HT-29 and caco-2 | Nepelska et al. (20) | ||
| Transactivation of Krüppel-like factor 4 | HT-29 | Chen et al. (24) | |||
| Barrier function | Reduction of paracellular permeability | Caco-2 | Mariadason et al. (25) | ||
| Enhancement of barrier function by tight junction assembly facilitation | Caco-2 | Peng et al. (26) | |||
| Cytokine expression | Induction of A20 (negative regulation of NFkB), downregulation of IL-8 | Fetal human intestinal epithelial cells and fetal intestinal explants | Weng et al. (27) | ||
| Increased expression of IL-32α | HT-29, SW480, T84 | Kobori et al. (28) | |||
| Other | Enhanced expression of di/tripeptide transporter hepT1 | Caco-2-BBE cells and in vivo | Dalmasso et al. (29) | ||
| Up-regulated transcription of several mucin genes | Human goblet cell line HT-29-Cl.16E | Gaudier et al. (30) | |||
| Valerate | Active, unknown | HDAC inhibition | Caco-2 | Sanderson (19) | |
| Cell cycle | Reduced cell growth and inhibition of differentiation by decreased p21 and CB1 mRNA | HT-29, HCT-116 | Hinnebusch et al. (21) | ||
| Caproate | Active, unknown | HDAC inhibition | Caco-2 | Sanderson (19) | |
| Inactive | HT-29, HCT-116 | Hinnebusch et al. (21) | |||