Table 10.

Summary physical training

Exposure/Intervention	Outcome variable	Study	Number of participants (age) M, W	Effect of training/protein	Rating A B C	Strength of evidence: Convincing, probable, Suggestive, no conclusion
2 week dietary adjustment period (0.88 g protein/kg BW/day followed by 4 week progressive aerobic exercise training program while on the diet	Dietary requirement of protein expressed via: whole body protein turnover/Protein retention	Clinical trial (71)	8 (18–25 years), 3M, 4W	Improved N-balance and protein utilization	C	Suggestive for effect of physical training No conclusion regarding dietary requirement
Whole body split resistance training, 12 weeks, 5 days/week Diet 15 E% protein. 5-day periods pre- and post with controlled diets (1.2 g/kg BW/day).	Whole-body protein turnover/Protein retention	Clinical trial (72)	8 (22+1 years), 8M	Improved N-balance and protein utilization	B
16 wk progressive resistance training, 3-day/ week, lower and upper body exercises, hard intensities. Protein intake app. 1 g/kg BW/day	Muscle hypertrophy/‘Protein retention’	Clinical trial (73)	60 [20–35 years (18M and 14W) and 60–75 years (14M and 14W)], 32M, 28W	Protein intake sufficient to induce muscle hypertrophy/‘Protein retention’	B