Table 3.
Overview of clinical trials with epigenetic modulating agents in MM.
| Drug | Drug | Combination with | Myeloma patients | Response | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vorinostat | I | - | relapsed/refractory (n = 13) | 1 MR | [134] |
| 9 SD | |||||
| Belinostat | I | - | relapsed/refractory (n = 4) | 1 SD | [135] |
| Panobinostat | Ia/II | - | relapsed/refractory (n = 12) | 1 PR | [131] |
| Romidepsin | II | - | relapsed/refractory (n = 13) | 4 SD | [132] |
| Gavinostat | II | - | relapsed/refractory (n = 19) | 6 SD | [133] |
| Vorinostat | I | Bortezomib | relapsed/refractory (n = 23) | 2 VGPR | [141] |
| 13 PR | |||||
| 10 SD | |||||
| Vorinostat | I | Bortezomib | relapsed/refractory (n = 6) | 1 VGPR | [140] |
| 4 MR | |||||
| 1 SD | |||||
| Vorinostat | I | Bortezomib | relapsed/refractory (n = 34) | 9 PR | [139] |
| 2 MR | |||||
| 20 SD | |||||
| Vorinostat | I | Lenalidomide | newly diagnosed (n = 30) | 10 CR | [142] |
| Bortezomib Dexamethasone | 15 VGPR | ||||
| Vorinostat | I/II | Lenalidomide Bortezomib Dexamethasone |
relapsed/refractory (n = 64) | 8 CR | [143] |
| 4 VGPR | |||||
| 22 PR | |||||
| 9 MR | |||||
| 9 SD | |||||
| Panobinostat | II | Bortezomib Dexamethasone |
relapsed/refractory (n = 55) | 1 CR | [144] |
| 18 PR | |||||
| 10 MR | |||||
| 20 SD | |||||
| Panobinostat | I | Carfilzomib | relapsed/refractory (n = 17) | 2 VGPR | [146] |
| 6 PR | |||||
| 1 MR | |||||
| Panobinostat | I/II | Carfilzomib | relapsed/refractory (n = 10) | ongoing | [145] |
| Romidepsin | I/II | Dexamethasone Bortezomib |
previously treated (n = 25) | 2 CR | [147] |
| 13 PR | |||||
| 3 MR | |||||
| 2 SD | |||||
| Romidepsin | I/II | Bortezomib | relapsed/refractory (recruiting) | ongoing | [136] |
| Vorinostat | IIb | Bortezomib | relapsed/refractory (n = 143) | ongoing | [149] |
| Vorinostat | III | Bortezomib | relapsed/refractory (n = 637) | ongoing | [148] |
| Panobinostat | III | Bortezomib | relapsed/refractory (n = 672) | ongoing | [150] |
| Panobinostat | I/II | Lenalidomide Bortezomib Dexamethasone |
newly diagnosed (recruiting) | ongoing | [136] |
| Vorinostat | III | Lenalidomide | newly diagnosed (recruiting) | ongoing | [136] |
| Thalidomide | |||||
| Bortezomib | |||||
| Vorinostat | I | Lenalidomide | post transplant (n = 16) | 4 improved responses | [152] |
| Azacytidine | II | Lenalidomide | partial remission or plateau (n = 14) | 6 CTA upregulation | [153] |
| 3 CTL responses | |||||
| Azacytidine | I | Lenalidomide | Transplantation eligible | ongoing | [136] |
| (recruiting) | |||||
| Azacytidine | I/II | Lenalidomide | relapsed/refractory | ongoing | [136] |
| Dexamethasone | (recruiting) | ||||
| Decitabine | I | - | relapsed/refractory | ongoing | [136] |
CR: complete response; VGPR: very good partial response; PR: partial response; MR: minimal response; SD: stable disease; CTA: cancer testis antigen; CTL: CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte.