Fig. 4.—

Comparison of mt gene arrangement among parasitic lice, the booklouse, Liposcelis bostrychophila, and the hypothetical ancestor of insects. “+” indicates presence, whereas “−” indicates absence of a gene arrangement. The suborder-level phylogeny of the parasitic lice (Phthiraptera) is after Lyal (1985) and Barker et al. (2003). The grouping of the Pediculus species with Pth. pubis is after Barker et al. (2003). The grouping of Bothriometopus macrocnemis with sucking lice is after Wei et al. (2012). The grouping of L. bostrychophila with parasitic lice is after Lyal (1985), Wei et al. (2012), and Li et al. (2013).