Table 2. Compounds that activate latent infection.
| Mechanism of action | Name | Clinical trialsa | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Histone deacetylase inhibition (HDACi) | Valproic acid | 43, 48, 66, 116, 117 | |
| Trichostatin A | 43, 116, 117 | ||
| Vorinostat | 2 | 43, 48, 63, 116, 117, 118, 119 | |
| Sodium butyrate | 116, 117 | ||
| Oxamflatin | 66, 116 | ||
| MCT-1 and 3 | 66 | ||
| MRK1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 | 120 | ||
| MC compounds | 118 | ||
| Givinostat | 121 | ||
| Givinostat analogs | 121 | ||
| Scriptaid | 116, 117 | ||
| NCF-51 | 122 | ||
| Belinostat | 121, 123 | ||
| Panabinostat | 1 | 123, 124 | |
| Entinostat | 117, 118, 124 | ||
| Apicidin | 116, 117 | ||
| CG05, CG06 | 119 | ||
| Droxinostat | 116 | ||
| M344 Romedepsin | In devpt | 125 | |
| Methylation inhibitors | 5-aza-2'deoxycytidine (Aza-CdR) | 126 | |
| BIX-01294 | 127 | ||
| Chaetocin | 127, 128 | ||
| 129 | |||
| NFκB activators | Prostratin | 117, 125, 127, 130 | |
| TNFα | 130 | ||
| Protein kinase C modulators | Bryostatin | 131 | |
| Akt/HEXIM-1 modulators | Hexamethylbisacetamide (HMBA) | 132, 133 | |
| Disulfiram | 1 | 134 | |
| BET bromodomain inhibitors | JQ1 | 135 | |
| Immune modulation | IL-7 | 6 | 130, 136 |
| IL-15 | 137 | ||
| Anti-PD1 Anti-PDL1 | In devpt In devpt | 138 | |
| Combinations | AV6+Valproic acid | 139 | |
| Bryostatin+Valproic acid | 131 | ||
| HDACi+Prostratin | 117, 125, 130 | ||
| Prostratin+IL-7 |
All compounds have demonstrated activity in vitro in either latently infected cells lines, latently infected primary T cells, and/or resting CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected patients on cART.
a
Completed or currently active trials in HIV-infected patients on cART (source clinicaltrials.gov).