TABLE 4.

Studies Examining General Executive Functions

Reference	Population, N	Time Since Treatment	Treatment Regimen	Outcome	Limitations
Maddrey et al. (2005)	16 MDB survivors; Cross-sectional	Mean age at diagnosis: 7.2y; Mean age at assessment: 22.2y	Surgery + CRT: 16/16; Surgery, CRT + chemo: 9/16	79% and 85% found to be impaired on measures of EF	Small sample size; No control group; Heterogeneity of treatment.
Ronning et al. (2005)	23 survivors of MDB (n = 11) or astrocytoma (n = 12); Cross-sectional	Mean = 15.9 y, Range (10.2–20.8 y)	MDB: All had surgery, chemo, + CRT; Astroctyoma: All had surgery only	Both groups performed below the mean on measures of EF	Small sample size; No control group.
Spiegler et al. (2004)	34 brain tumor survivors; Longitudinal	Range (0–10 y)	Surgery + CRT: 10/34; Surgery, CRT, + chemo: 24/34	EF was within average range at first evaluation, but declined over time	Heterogeneity in treatment received and complications; No control group; Missing data.

Note. MDB = medulloblastoma; y = years; CRT = cranial radiation therapy; chemo = chemotherapy; EF = executive function.