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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Intern Med. 2009 Sep 15;151(6):414–420. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-151-6-200909150-00006

Figure 1. Trial organization, as illustrated in the HF-ACTION design and rationale article.

Figure 1

Reproduced from reference 4, with permission from Elsevier. CPX = cardiopulmonary exercise; DSMB = data and safety monitoring board; Echo = echocardiography; HF-ACTION = Heart Failure: A Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise Training; Lab = laboratory; NHLBI = National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.