Table 1.

Clinical characteristics by study groups

	Type I diabetes	Type I diabetes	Type I diabetes	Type I diabetes
	subjects	subjects	subjects	subjects
	with	without	with	without
	nephropathy	nephropathy	retinopathy	retinopathy
	(DN+)	(DN-)	(DR+)	(DR-)
Total subjects	74	92	76	96
Age (years)	25.1 ± 11.9	20.8 ± 8.7	29.8 ± 10.1	22.9 ± 9.1
Sex
(male/female)	40/34	40/52	34/42	50/46
Diabetes
duration	14.8 ± 8.8	10.9 ± 4.3	17.4 ± 8.6	11.2 ± 3.1
(years)
Diabetes onset
(years)	11.1 ± 6.2	10.3 ± 6.8	12.2 ± 8.1	11.5 ± 5.2
HbA1c(%)	10.5 ± 2.2	9.8 ± 1.9	10.6 ± 1.7	9.9 ± 1.7

Data are means ± SD