Table 1. Comparative and multinomial logistic regression analysis of characteristics and common etiology of diarrhea among well-nourished with overweight and obese, and malnourished children under 5 years.
| Indicators | Overweightand obesen = 508 (%) | Well- nourishedn = 13,455 (%) | Malnourishedn = 12,660 (%) | Overweight and obese vs. well-nourished | Malnourished vs. well-nourished | ||
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI)p value | Adjusted OR (95% CI)p value | Unadjusted OR (95% CI)p value | Adjusted OR (95% CI)p value | ||||
| Antimicrobial therapy before attending the hospital | 260 (51) | 4464 (33) | 2649 (21) | 2.11 (1.76, 2.53) <0.001 | 1.97 (1.55, 2.50) <0.001 | 0.53 (0.50, 0.56) <0.001 | 0.53 (0.49, 0.57) <0.001 |
| Fever (≥37.8°C) | 29 (6) | 941 (7) | 1208 (10) | 0.81 (0.54, 1.19) 0.303 | 0.73 (0.47, 1.15) 0.178 | 1.40 (1.28, 1.53) <0.001 | 1.28 (1.14, 1.44) <0.001 |
| Vomiting | 361 (71) | 10232 (76) | 9971 (79) | 0.77 (0.63, 0.95) 0.012 | 0.86 (0.68, 1.08) 0.208 | 1.17 (1.10, 1.24) <0.001 | 1.08 (0.99, 1.17) 0.059 |
| Diarrhea duration of >1 day | 393 (77) | 10170 (76) | 9771 (79) | 1.10 (0.89, 1.37) 0.388 | 0.88 (0.68, 1.15) 0.359 | 1.09 (1.03, 1.16) 0.003 | 1.38 (1.27, 1.49) <0.001 |
| Stool frequency >10/24 hours | 228 (45) | 5339 (40) | 5206 (41) | 1.24 (1.03, 1.48) 0.021 | 1.21 (0.97, 1.50) 0.085 | 1.06 (1.01, 1.12) 0.018 | 0.89 (0.83, 0.95) 0.891 |
| Watery stool | 477 (94) | 12635 (94) | 11727 (93) | 1.00 (0.68, 1.47) 0.931 | 0.95 (0.62, 1.44) 0.792 | 0.82 (0.74, 0.90) <0.001 | 0.77 (0.67, 0.88) <0.001 |
| Abdominal pain | 119 (23) | 2913 (22) | 2662 (21) | 1.11 (0.89, 1.37) 0.369 | 1.08 (0.84, 1.39) 0.533 | 0.96 (0.91, 1.02) 0.225 | 0.88 (0.81, 0.95) 0.003 |
| Dehydration (some or severe) | 104 (21) | 3188 (24) | 5184 (41) | 0.83 (0.66, 1.04) 0.104 | 1.01 (0.75, 1.36) 0.942 | 2.23 (2.12, 2.36) <0.001 | 1.65 (1.52, 1.79) <0.001 |
| IV rehydration | 17 (3) | 900 (7) | 2360 (19) | 0.48 (0.29, 0.80) 0.004 | 0.53 (0.26, 1.12) 0.092 | 3.20 (2.94, 3.47) <0.001 | 1.68 (1.48, 1.91) <0.001 |
| Hospitalization >24 hrs. | 125 (25) | 4589 (34) | 6569 (52) | 0.63 (0.51, 0.78) <0.001 | 0.68 (0.53, 0.88) 0.004 | 2.08 (1.98, 2.19) <0.001 | 1.97 (1.84, 2.12) <0.001 |
| Isolation of pathogens | |||||||
| V. cholerae | 17 (3) | 948 (7) | 1629 (13) | 0.46 (0.27, 0.76) 0.001 | 0.67 (0.37, 1.22) 0.192 | 1.95 (1.79, 2.12) <0.001 | 0.99 (0.88, 1.13) 0.956 |
| Shigella | 25 (5) | 696 (5) | 878 (7) | 0.95 (0.62, 1.45) 0.881 | 0.80 (0.49, 1.32) 0.383 | 1.46 (1.31, 1.62) <0.001 | 1.13 (0.98, 1.30) 0.093 |
| Rotavirus | 235 (46) | 5730 (43) | 3501 (28) | 1.16 (0.97, 1.39) 0.110 | 1.08 (0.86, 1.35) 0.493 | 0.52 (0.49, 0.54) <0.001 | 0.57 (0.54, 0.62) <0.001 |
| Salmonella | 4 (<1) | 154 (1) | 241 (2) | 0.69 (0.22, 1.92) 0.594 | 0.94 (0.34, 2.58) 0.904 | 1.68 (1.36, 2.07) <0.001 | 1.57 (1.21, 2.06) 0.001 |
| Compylobactar | 34 (7) | 925 (7) | 1136 (9) | 0.97 (0.67, 1.40) 0.944 | 0.99 (0.66, 1.49) 0.958 | 1.34 (1.22, 1.46) <0.001 | 1.32 (1.18, 1.48) <0.001 |
N.B: Well-nourished considered as reference category.