Table 2. Comparative and multinomial logistic regression analysis of characteristics and common etiology of diarrhea among well-nourished with overweight and obese, and malnourished individuals aged 5–19 years.
| Indicators | Overweightand obesen = 97 (%) | Well- nourished n = 4,425 (%) | Malnourishedn = 2,337 (%) | Overweight and obese vs. well-nourished | Malnourished vs. well-nourished | ||
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI)p value | Adjusted OR (95% CI)p value | Unadjusted OR (95% CI)p value | Adjusted OR (95% CI)p value | ||||
| Antimicrobial therapy before attending the hospital | 26 (27) | 642 (15) | 268 (12) | 2.16 (1.33, 3.48) <0.001 | 1.83 (1.05, 3.16) 0.031 | 0.76 (0.65, 0.89) 0.001 | 0.68 (0.57, 0.82) <0.001 |
| Fever (≥37.8°C) | 4 (4) | 147 (3) | 97 (4) | 1.25 (0.39, 3.59) 0.565 | 1.60 (0.55, 4.65) 0.388 | 1.26 (0.96, 1.65) 0.095 | 1.21 (0.85, 1.73) 0.294 |
| Vomiting | 78 (80) | 3774 (85) | 2005 (86) | 0.71 (0.42, 1.22) 0.233 | 0.74 (0.37, 1.46) 0.384 | 1.04 (0.90, 1.20) 0.599 | 1.34 (1.07, 1.66) 0.010 |
| Diarrhea duration of >1 day | 39 (40) | 1618 (37) | 1030 (44) | 1.17 (0.76, 1.79) 0.528 | 1.55 (0.89, 2.71) 0.121 | 1.37 (1.23, 1.52) <0.001 | 1.52 (1.31, 1.78) <0.001 |
| Stool frequency >10/24 hours | 34 (35) | 2024 (46) | 1083 (46) | 0.64 (0.41, 0.99) 0.046 | 0.69 (0.41, 1.17) 0.178 | 1.02 (0.93, 1.13) 0.655 | 0.94 (0.82, 1.08) 0.391 |
| Watery stool | 92 (95) | 4153 (94) | 2168 (93) | 1.21 (0.47, 3.39) 0.849 | 1.33 (0.43, 4.17) 0.623 | 0.84 (0.69, 1.03) 0.095 | 1.07 (0.78, 1.46) 0.654 |
| Abdominal pain | 49 (51) | 2635 (60) | 1458 (62) | 0.69 (0.46, 1.06) 0.091 | 0.67 (0.41, 1.10) 0.115 | 1.13 (1.02, 1.25) 0.024 | 1.12 (0.97, 1.28) 0.097 |
| Dehydration (some or severe) | 79 (81) | 3355 (76) | 1764 (76) | 1.40 (0.82, 2.43) 0.246 | 3.12 (1.52, 6.41) 0.002 | 0.98 (0.87, 1.11) 0.780 | 0.97 (0.79, 1.19) 0.765 |
| IV rehydration | 38 (39) | 2539 (57) | 1327 (57) | 0.48 (0.31, 0.73) <0.001 | 0.46 (0.25, 0.84) 0.011 | 0.98 (0.88, 1.08) 0.644 | 0.94 (0.78, 1.13) 0.502 |
| Hospitalization >24 hrs. | 16 (17) | 861 (20) | 599 (26) | 0.82 (0.46, 1.44) 0.548 | 1.13 (0.58, 2.18) 0.728 | 1.43 (1.26, 1.61) <0.001 | 1.51 (1.28, 1.77) <0.001 |
| Isolation of pathogens | |||||||
| V. cholerae | 23 (24) | 1677 (38) | 932 (40) | 0.51 (0.31, 0.83) 0.006 | 0.59 (0.33, 1.09) 0.094 | 1.09 (0.98, 1.21) 0.117 | 1.03 (0.88, 1.20) 0.694 |
| Shigella | 7 (7) | 290 (7) | 212 (9) | 1.11 (0.47, 2.50) 0.957 | 0.67 (0.23, 1.95) 0.464 | 1.42 (1.18, 1.72) <0.001 | 1.34 (1.03, 1.73) 0.030 |
| Rotavirus | 9 (9) | 143 (3) | 66 (3) | 3.06 (1.41, 6.43) 0.004 | 2.96 (1.21, 7.24) 0.017 | 0.87 (0.64, 1.18) 0.397 | 0.792 (0.53, 1.19) 0.261 |
| Salmonella | 1 (1) | 91 (2) | 45 (2) | 0.50 (0.03, 3.33) 0.730 | 0.55 (0.071, 4.17) 0.560 | 0.94 (0.64, 1.36) 0.784 | 0.78 (0.48, 1.27) 0.322 |
| Compylobactar | 7 (7) | 295 (7) | 154 (7) | 1.09 (0.46, 2.46) 0.992 | 0.92 (0.33, 2.59) 0.880 | 0.99 (0.80, 1.21) 0.944 | 0.99 (0.77, 1.28) 0.942 |
N.B: Well-nourished considered as reference category.