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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Apr 15.
Published in final edited form as: Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Apr 4;26(4):622–628. doi: 10.1021/tx4000667

Figure 4.

Figure 4

GCG inhibits topoisomerase II-mediated DNA ligation. Data for DNA ligation mediated by human topoisomerase IIα (hTIIα; left) and IIβ(hTIIβ; right) are shown. Reactions were carried out in the absence (open circles) or presence (closed circles) of 200 μM GCG. Ligation is expressed as the percent loss of linear DNA. Levels of cleaved DNA at the start of the reaction were set to 100%. Error bars represent standard deviations for three independent experiments.