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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Apr 15.
Published in final edited form as: Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Apr 4;26(4):622–628. doi: 10.1021/tx4000667

Figure 6.

Figure 6

GCG is a covalent topoisomerase II poison. DNA cleavage data is shown for human topoisomerase IIα (hTIIα; left) and IIβ(hTIIβ; right). Reactions were carried out in the absence (open bars) or presence (closed bars) of 500 μM DTT. Assays in the top panels (Pre) included DTT in reactions mixtures. Assays in the bottom panels (Post) included DTT, but the reducing agent was not added to the reaction mixtures until DNA cleavage-ligation equilibria were established after 5 min. Reactions were carried out in the absence of drug (No Drug) or in the presence of 200 μM GCG (GCG), 50 μM etoposide (Etop), or 25 μM 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ). Error bars represent standard deviations for three independent experiments.

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