Table 2.
The odds of having poor clinical outcome on activity limitation (Roland Morris disability questionnaire score >30 (0–100 scale)) at 3 months by STarT Back Tool subgroup the Danish and UK cohorts, estimated using logistic regression
| Danish cohort (n = 322) | UK cohort (n = 845) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio [CI 95 %] | p value | Odds ratio [CI 95 %] | p value | |
| Unadjusted model | ||||
| STarT Back Tool low-risk subgroupa | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| STarT Back Tool medium-risk subgroup | 4.24 [2.45; 7.32] | <0.001 | 5.56 [3.99; 7.76] | <0.001 |
| STarT Back Tool high-risk | 5.57 [2.97; 10.47] | <0.001 | 16.88 [9.71; 29.34] | <0.001 |
| Constant | 0.32 [0.21; 0.48] | <0.001 | 0.22 [0.16; 0.26] | <0.001 |
| Full model adjusted for care setting and change on STarT Back Tool psychosocial constructs (n = 213) | ||||
| STarT Back Tool low-risk subgroupa | 1.00 | |||
| STarT Back Tool medium-risk subgroup | 8.16 [3.44; 19.30] | <0.001 | ||
| STarT Back Tool high-risk | 15.85 [5.22; 48.17] | <0.001 | ||
| Included covariates | ||||
| Care settingb | 0.36 [0.13; 1.01] | 0.052 | ||
| Change in fear of movementc | 0.99 [0.90; 1.09] | 0.879 | ||
| Change in catastrophisationd | 0.87 [0.78; 0.97] | 0.013 | ||
| Change in anxietye | 0.81 [0.65; 1.02] | 0.078 | ||
| Change in depressione | 1.03 [0.81; 1.34] | 0.077 | ||
| Change in pain bothersomenessf | 0.36 [0.19; 0.65] | <0.001 | ||
| Interaction between care setting and change in fear of movement | 0.92 [0.81; 1.04] | 0.195 | ||
| Interaction between care setting and change in catastrophisation | 1.14 [1.00; 1.13] | 0.055 | ||
| Interaction between care setting and change in anxiety | 1.17 [0.88; 1.55] | 0.284 | ||
| Interaction between care setting and change in depression | 0.77 [0.55; 1.09] | 0.142 | ||
| Interaction between care setting and change in pain bothersomeness | 1.89 [0.90; 3.97] | 0.092 | ||
| Constant | 1.04 [0.42; 2.58] | 0.933 | ||
| Parsimonious model adjusted for care setting and change on STarT Back Tool psychosocial constructs (n = 296), using manual backwards stepwise procedure | ||||
| STarT Back Tool low-risk subgroupa | 1.00 | |||
| STarT Back Tool medium-risk subgroup | 7.89 [3.87; 16.11] | <0.001 | ||
| STarT Back Tool high-risk | 15.73 [6.60; 37.47] | <0.001 | ||
| Care settingb | 0.31 [0.13; 0.71] | 0.006 | ||
| Change in anxietye | 0.81 [0.73; 0.89] | <0.001 | ||
| Change in pain bothersomenessf | 0.27 [0.17; 0.43] | <0.001 | ||
| Interaction between care setting and change in pain bothersomeness | 2.48 [1.41; 4.34] | 0.002 | ||
| Constant | 1.02 [0.49; 2.15] | 0.951 | ||
Bold values indicate significant level of p < 0.05
aReference value
bPatient recruitment in the Danish physiotherapy setting compared with the GP setting (reference value)
cTampa Scale of Kiniesophobia
dCoping strategy questionnaire (catastrophisation subscale)
eHospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
fBothersome question